Reactive Attachment Disorder: A Preventable Mental Health Disease

Lehman, James J.; Jegtvig, Shereen K.

doi:10.1016/s0899-3467(07)60089-5

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Children with RAD are considered some of the most vulnerable young people in society if their trajectory is not adequately modified (18). It has been reported that the lack of treatment for RAD during childhood may be associated with adults who are diagnosed with sociopathic, narcissistic, antisocial or borderline disorders (11,12). These children often show no pattern to their coping strategies and, frequently, confusion and considerable apprehension, which is reflected in the child's inability to form a sound and enduring relationship with their primary health caregiver, such as the pediatric dentist (17,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RAD usually begins before the age of 5 years and persists over time (10-12). It results from a lack of basic emotional attachment and/or pathogenic care conditions, particularly during the first years of childhood (12,13). The disorder has also been strongly associated with early maltreatment and affects deprivation by the primary caregiver, typically through abuse, neglect, and abandonment (4,7,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A diagnostic requirement for this disorder is social neglect, which is the absence of adequate caregiving during childhood (13). In RAD children, psychological depression leads to increased levels of cortisol, inefficiencies in the functioning of serotonin and other neurotransmitters and reduced growth-hormone production (12,16). According to international epidemiologic data, RAD affects approximately 1-4% of children (4,14), most of which (up to 30%) are raised and live in institutions or temporary (foster) homes (2,9,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of a Child with Reactive Attachment Disorder in the Dental Clinical Setting: A Case Report

Garrocho‐Rangel

Romero-Huízar

Ruiz-Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc

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Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is an early childhood mental health disease characterized by impaired social interactions and communication abilities, and neurological deficits in the child’s developing brain. This disorder can significantly affect the pediatric patient’s behavior in the dental setting. An uncooperative 9-year-old Mexican girl, who was residing in a temporary home, was referred by a general dental practitioner to the Postgraduate Pediatric Dental Clinic with her caretaker, requesting dental examination and treatment. The patient presented with a previous diagnosis of RAD with intellectual/social disability. With the psychiatrist’s guidance, an exhaustive oral prophylaxis was carried out in the initial appointments, followed by diverse restorative treatments under the continuous application of behavioral management techniques. These restorative procedures included resin restorations and pit-fissure sealants, under local anesthesia and rubber-dam isolation, on the first four permanent molars. The entire treatment was completed in six weeks. The patient and her caretaker were provided with detailed educational and motivational strategies for improving the patient´s oral hygiene, and they also received nutritional advice. For control reviews and the reinforcement of preventive habits, future appointments were carefully scheduled. An interdisciplinary pediatric collaboration between the dentist, nurse, and psychiatrist was fundamental for improving the patient’s oral health and general welfare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of a Child with Reactive Attachment Disorder in the Dental Clinical Setting: A Case Report

Garrocho‐Rangel

Romero-Huízar

Ruiz-Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In support of the current mediation hypothesis, we found that Zeanah and Gleason mentioned two studies, conducted by Lyons-Ruth et al [ 18 ] and Oliviera et al [ 19 ] in 2009 and 2012, respectively, that described the relationship between the psychiatric profile and emotional interactions of the mother toward the child influenced indiscriminate behavior, which is defined as a “lack of selectivity in the choice of attachment figures” [ 18 ]. Furthermore, a national pregnancy survey conducted during the 1990s suggested that teenage mothers and drug use during and after pregnancy seemed to increase the likelihood of increasing the rates of RAD [ 5 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RAD affects both the physical and mental health of the developing individual, which is why an interdisciplinary approach is required for its diagnosis and management. There is no specific diagnostic method available for RAD; hence, a series of tests such as the SSP, the attachment formation rating scale, and the rating for Inhibited attachment disorder [ 5 ] are used. However, the focus of RAD in these tests is lower than that of DSED, which further encourages the multiple testing systems for its diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Current Knowledge of Reactive Attachment Disorder

Irfan¹,

Nair²,

Bhaskaran³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Reactive attachment disorder (RAD), classified under Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders in the DSM-5 manual, is a childhood psychiatric illness due to familial or social neglect or due to maltreatment. It is characterized by an inhibited and withdrawn social and emotional behavior toward an adult caregiver, typically before the age of 5. Neurobiological changes in patients with RAD have been shown to be substantially significant with features such as loss of grey matter volume and neurotransmitter deficiencies that not only impact the ability to form healthy attachments but also increase the risk of comorbidities such as depression and anxiety.Different theories, including the current mediation hypothesis and learning theory of attachment, showed childhood maltreatment from caregivers and desensitization toward deficiencies in social development in children from special education teachers to be key components in the development of RAD. Patients with RAD had an increased risk of developing psychiatric comorbidities, including learning disabilities and mood disorders. Institutionalized care and childhood maltreatment have a significant impact on the development of RAD.RAD is an underdiagnosed and underreported condition with significant repercussions that can severely impact the development of a child. By being able to raise awareness and promote further research into refining the diagnostic methodology, treatment protocols, and long-term follow-up, children afflicted with this condition may be able to develop better socio-emotional bonds and reduce the incidence of comorbidities such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Bonding: Förderung der Eltern-Kind-Bindung bei Frühgeborenen – NIDCAP als interdisziplinäre Herausforderung

Graf¹,

Wetzel²,

Abele³

et al. 2023

Hebamme

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Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutung des Bondings aus natur- und sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht auseinander und erörtert seine Wichtigkeit für Hebammen. Darauf aufbauend stellt er das NIDCAP-Konzept zur Förderung der Eltern-Kind-Bindung bei Frühgeborenen vor und erläutert, welche Herausforderungen hieraus für alle beteiligten Gesundheitsfachberufe entstehen.

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Reactive Attachment Disorder: A Preventable Mental Health Disease

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Management of a Child with Reactive Attachment Disorder in the Dental Clinical Setting: A Case Report

Management of a Child with Reactive Attachment Disorder in the Dental Clinical Setting: A Case Report

Review of the Current Knowledge of Reactive Attachment Disorder

Bonding: Förderung der Eltern-Kind-Bindung bei Frühgeborenen – NIDCAP als interdisziplinäre Herausforderung

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