2009
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1514-09.2009
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Reactive Astrocytes Form Scar-Like Perivascular Barriers to Leukocytes during Adaptive Immune Inflammation of the CNS

Abstract: Factors that regulate leukocyte entry and spread through CNS parenchyma during different types of CNS insults are incompletely understood. Reactive astrocytes have been implicated in restricting the spread of leukocytes from damaged into healthy parenchyma during the acute and local innate inflammatory events that follow CNS trauma, but the roles of reactive astrocytes during the chronic and widespread CNS inflammation associated with adaptive or acquired immune responses are uncertain. Here, we investigated t… Show more

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Cited by 400 publications
(384 citation statements)
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“…Elimination of macrophages or microglia suppresses clinical and histopathological manifestations in rodent models of MS (Brosnan et al 1981;Huitinga et al 1990;Bauer et al 1995;Polfliet et al 2002;Heppner et al 2005), and infiltrating blood-borne monocytes trigger EAE progression to the severe form of the disease (Ajami et al 2011). In addition, astrocytes, CNS-resident glial cells, play an active role in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS (Voskuhl et al 2009;Toft-Hansen et al 2011), and their activation is a prominent feature in EAE and MS (Aquino et al 1988;Liedtke et al 1998).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elimination of macrophages or microglia suppresses clinical and histopathological manifestations in rodent models of MS (Brosnan et al 1981;Huitinga et al 1990;Bauer et al 1995;Polfliet et al 2002;Heppner et al 2005), and infiltrating blood-borne monocytes trigger EAE progression to the severe form of the disease (Ajami et al 2011). In addition, astrocytes, CNS-resident glial cells, play an active role in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS (Voskuhl et al 2009;Toft-Hansen et al 2011), and their activation is a prominent feature in EAE and MS (Aquino et al 1988;Liedtke et al 1998).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the same time, the glial scar provides a barrier against inflammation to limit secondary injury, and this is beneficial [10,11] . Cheng He of the Second Military Medical University (Shanghai) [12] discusses the complex role of the glial scar in influencing axon regeneration and neuroinflammation.…”
Section: Sci Is a Complex Condition It Involves Damage Tomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, accumulating evidence indicates that local astroglial activation is neuroprotective in EAE. Using transgenic mice with targeted ablation of proliferating scar-forming astrocytes it has been shown that severity of EAE is enhanced and that leukocyte and macrophage entry into the CNS parenchyma is significantly increased (Voskuhl et al 2009). Recent evidence additionally indicates that demyelination and oligodendrocyte degeneration follows inflammation-induced astrocyte dysfunction (Sharma et al 2010).…”
Section: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitismentioning
confidence: 99%