Reactive angioendotheliomatosis following implantation of a knee metallic device: an instance of immunocompromised district

Abstract

philic and do not readily cross cell membranes; 2 thus, they are not appreciably stored within tissues. Rather, the particles' small size enables them to be easily filtered by the kidneys without tubular resorption. 2 Given normal renal function, indigo carmine is cleared from the circulation and seen in the bladder within 5-7 minutes. 2 The side effects of indigo carmine dye are largely cardiovascular and most commonly involve hypertension and a reflex bradycardia with decreased stroke volume, leading to decreased cardiac output. Rarely, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis have also been reported. 1 Uncommonly, indigo carmine dye can extravasate from the peripheral line into the skin and cause a dramatic but asymptomatic blue discoloration. The three prior instances of indigo carmine extravasation were also noticed upon the completion of surgery. 1-3 As in the present case, the previously reported patients did not experience any symptoms and, other than the discoloration and edema of the affected arm, showed unremarkable findings on examination. In all cases, the discoloration resolved within 24-48 hours without any cutaneous or cardiovascular sequelae.Although indigo carmine dye extravasation into the skin is a benign, transient condition, its presentation is dramatic and can induce significant anxiety in both patients and clinicians who are unfamiliar with this complication. Dermatologists consulted for such rashes can reassure patients and the healthcare team that the discoloration will resolve completely without resultant tissue

Enzyme-linked Immunoassay Index for Anti-NC16a IgG and IgE Auto­antibodies Correlates with Severity and Activity of Bullous Pemphigoid

“…The injuring events capable of rendering a skin region a potential ICD are various, numerous, and generally identifiable by means of a careful clinical history (Caccavale S, Kannangara AP, Ruocco E. Categorization of and comments on isomorphic and isotopic skin reactions; unpublished study 2015). [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] An ample documentation of multifarious disorders (infectious, neoplastic, immune) appearing in ICDs was delineated by Ruocco et al in 2009. 3 Over the subsequent 7 years, what was initially a novel pathogenic concept has been extended to embrace an increasing variety of clinical conditions.…”

Two novel mutations of the ADAR1 gene in Chinese patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria successfully treated with fractional CO2 laser

“…2 The injuring events capable of rendering a skin region a potential ICD are various, numerous, and most of the times identifiable by means of a careful clinical history. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] An ample documentation of multifarious disorders (infectious, neoplastic, immune) appearing in ICDs was delineated by Ruocco et al in 2009. 2 In the following 8 years, what was a novel pathogenic concept has been extended to an enlarging variety of clinical conditions.…”

Evaluation of skin disorders of lower limb amputation sites: is there a common denominator?

“…All the conditions causing lower limb amputation have a common denominator: they lead to locally hampered lymph drainage (that hinders the normal trafficking of immunocompetent cells) and damage to sensory nerve fibers (that release immunity‐related peptides), or both conditions . Depending on which of the neurotransmitters and immune cells are involved, this destabilization could be either defective, thus predisposing to infections and tumors, or excessive, thus favoring the occurrence of some immune disorders or dysimmune reactions at the sites ‘marked’ by amputation …”