This work focuses on studying the vapor–liquid–liquid
equilibrium (VLLE) of the ternary system 1-propanol–propyl
propanoate–water. Experiments were carried out under isobaric
conditions at 80.00 and 101.32 kPa by using a Fischer Labodest VLLE
602 equilibrium cell with an ultrasonic probe in the boiling chamber.
According to results, the data sets exhibit the presence of binary
and ternary heterogeneous azeotropes. Besides, aiming to obtain a
unique set of thermodynamic parameters to predict the behavior of
the whole system involved in the propyl propanoate synthesis (propionic
acid–1-propanol-propyl propanoate–water), the phase
equilibria of the quaternary system were also studied. To correlate
the set of binary parameters for NRTL-HOC and UNIQUAC-HOC thermodynamic
models, literature data on binary and ternary vapor–liquid
equilibrium (VLE), liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE), and VLLE
data from this work were used altogether. The obtained results from
correlated models depict good agreement with experiments, with average
deviations lower than 1.83 K and 3.57% in temperature and molar composition,
respectively. The thermodynamic consistency of experimental data was
validated by means of the McDermott–Ellis method, the Wisniak
method, and topological analysis. The new set of thermodynamic parameters
can be used to simultaneously represent the behavior of VLE, LLE,
and VLLE in the propyl propanoate production process.