Reactivation of physical motor information in the memory of action events

Masumoto, Kouhei; Yamaguchi, Masahiko; Sutani, Kouichi; Tsuneto, Satoru; Fujita, Ayako; Tonoike, Mitsuo

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.033

Cited by 74 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Firstly, enacting a word leaves a motor trace in one's memory [23]. This has been convincingly proven in neuroscientific experiments in which it is possible to detect activity in motor areas upon acoustic or visual word presentation [24,25]. Secondly, enhancement results from motor imagery [26,27]: it leads to deeper information processing [28] and has positive effects on memory.…”

Section: B the Method: Enactmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Bizarre Virtual Trainer Outperforms a Human Trainer in Foreign Language Word Learning

Macedonia¹

2014

IJCSAI

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Abstract-In this study, the effects that a human trainer and a pedagogical virtual agent have on the memory for words in a foreign language (L2) were investigated. In a recent study on L2 word learning, Bergmann and Macedonia (2013) cued participants to memorize novel words both audiovisually and by performing additional gestures. The gestures were performed by both a human and a virtual trainer. In some of the tests, the virtual agent had a greater positive influence on memory performance than the human trainer. In order to determine why the agent was a better trainer than the human, 18 naive subjects were invited to rate the gestures performed by both trainers. Furthermore, participants were asked to evaluate their perception of the human and the agent. It was hypothesized that the gestures performed by the agent would be more peculiar than those by the human and possibly attract greater attention. It was also hypothesized that the agent's personality might be more appealing than that of the human. The results showed that the agent's gestures were perceived as less natural than those of the human. This might have triggered greater attention and/ or more emotional involvement of the participants. The perception of both trainers as "personalities" did not differ, with the exception of a few traits for which the human trainer was considered to be better. Altogether, because of the peculiar gestures it made and because of its looks, the agent may have been perceived as bizarre. Therefore, he might have induced the bizarreness effect in the memory for words.

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Section: B the Method: Enactmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Bizarre Virtual Trainer Outperforms a Human Trainer in Foreign Language Word Learning

Macedonia¹

2014

IJCSAI

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“…Spranger, Schatz, and Knopf (2008) in a study of accessibility of enacted items in younger and older adults found high accessibly for both age groups in immediate and delayed free recall tasks. Masumoto, et al (2006), using magneto-encephalography to find reasons for memory enhancement effect of enactment, observed that enacted phrases had a higher speed of recognition compared to phrases encoded only audiovisually. In a more recent study, Macedonia and Knosch (2011) conducted a research on the effects of using gesture on abstract word learning.…”

Section: Performing Gestures and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effects of teacher-performed gestures as a means of semantic elaboration on L2 word learning and retention

Ghasemi¹,

Feyzi-Behnagh²

2016

IJRSLL

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The current study investigates the effects of semantic elaboration operationalized through teacher-performed gestures on L2 vocabulary learning and retention. Forty-two Persian-speaking Iranian university students learning English as a foreign language were randomly selected and assigned to two groups. They were presented with two sets of new English words (determined through a pretest) and were instructed to do their best to learn the words in the two conditions. One set consisted of word-translation pairs (control condition) and the other set consisted of word-translation pairs followed by a video showing the meaning of each word through gestures. Each participant was presented with every experimental word but in two different orders (counter-balancing). Then they were required to complete four recall tasks (i.e. free recall in English, free recall in Persian, cued recall in English, and delayed cued recall in English). The results of data analysis using repeated measures of ANOVA showed a negative effect of using gestures on free recall in English, a positive effect of using gestures on free recall in Persian, and no statistically significant effect of using gestures on cued recall and delayed cued recall in English. Based on the findings some pedagogical implications are provided.

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“…Results from neuroscientific experiments in the past decade show that self-performing a gesture when learning verbal information leads to the formation of sensorimotor networks that represent and store the words in native [17] and foreign language [7]. Neuroscience provides evidence for the original proposal by Engelkamp that motor information is crucial for memory enhancement for verbal information [18,19].…”

Section: Enactment and The Self-performed Task Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imitation of a Pedagogical Agent’s Gestures Enhances Memory for Words in Second Language

Macedonia

Bergmann

Roithmayr

2014

SJEDU

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Pedagogical agents (PAs) are virtual characters in computer-based learning environments. PAs can train humans in various domains. Here, a PA cues subjects to learn vocabulary items through enactment, i.e., to perform an illustrative gesture while learning a word. It is well known that enactment impacts memory. Also, imitation is a natural mechanism driving learning. Combining both enactment and imitation could improve memory even more. In a within-subjects study, 44 school children learned 45 vocabulary items according to three conditions: an audio-visual baseline, an observation condition (participants watched the PA during enactment) and an imitation condition (participants imitated the PA's gestures). We documented learning progress by cued recall tests. Over four days, we found that, compared to the baseline and to mere observation, imitation of enactment significantly enhanced memory for words in the foreign language.

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Reactivation of physical motor information in the memory of action events

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

A Bizarre Virtual Trainer Outperforms a Human Trainer in Foreign Language Word Learning

A Bizarre Virtual Trainer Outperforms a Human Trainer in Foreign Language Word Learning

A study of the effects of teacher-performed gestures as a means of semantic elaboration on L2 word learning and retention

Imitation of a Pedagogical Agent’s Gestures Enhances Memory for Words in Second Language

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