Reactivating Adsorption Capacities of Spent Bleaching Earth for Using in Crude Palm Oil Industry

Saputro, Kurniawan Eko; Siswanti, Puji; Nugroho, Dwi; Ikono, Radyum; Noviyanto, Alfian; Rochman, Nurul Taufiqu

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/924/1/012014

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Among the available adsorbents, zeolites are considered to be inexpensive materials [19]. Namely, although zeolites are available in nature, their industrial synthesis is relatively easy and enables the product to be obtained in a pure form, so it is most commonly practiced [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of bleaching sunflower oil with synthetic zeolite

Petrović¹,

Mihajlović²,

Botić³

et al. 2023

Technol. acta

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In this paper, the possibilities and effects of using domestic industrially produced zeolite for bleaching crudesunflower oil, compared to imported commercial bleaching earth, were examined.The parameters of the bleaching process in laboratory conditionswere: temperature 95°C, contact time 30 min,and mass fractionsof bleaching agent in oil: 0.2, 1, 2 and 3%.The following methods were used to characterize the bleachingagents: XRD, FTIR, BET and SEM/EDS.The bleaching efficiency parameters were determined by laboratory methods prescribed by the relevant ordinance on edible vegetable oils, and included: soap content, peroxide valueand fatty acid composition.The results of the research showed that the effects of bleaching sunflower oil with synthetic zeolite are similar to the effects of bleaching with imported commercial bleaching earth, with the former showing a slightly higher effectiveness in reducing the peroxide value. KEYWORDS:sunflower oil; oil bleaching; synthetic zeolite; bleaching earth

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of bleaching sunflower oil with synthetic zeolite

Petrović¹,

Mihajlović²,

Botić³

et al. 2023

Technol. acta

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“…Several research related to the utilization of SBE and residual oil were briquettes [5], biofertilizers [6], catalysts in transesterification [7], ceramics [8], biodiesel [9], lightweight concrete materials [10], and biodiesel using heterogeneous catalyst [11]. In addition, studies that have used reactivated bleaching earth (RBE) as adsorbent have also been carried out, such as the adsorbent of pigments [12], adsorbent of tetracycline hydrochloride [13], purification of glycerol [14], adsorbent of diclofenac [15] and catalyst supported for RWGS reaction [16]. Many studies have been carried out on the utilization of SBE and its residual oil, but only a few have analyzed the economic and environmental aspects of SBE processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Handoko,

Hasanudin,

Suroso

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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One of the stages in edible oil refining is bleaching, which aims to reduce pigments, gums and metals. Bleaching produces large amounts of spent bleaching earth (SBE) solid waste. SBE is usually treated in traditional processing such as landfill, incineration, compost or using the services of third-party. This paper investigated the best scheme for reactivation of SBE based on economic and environmental aspects. The basis of economic and environmental analysis used reactivated SBE with the best treatment, i.e. extraction of residual oil using n-hexane, thermal activation at 600°C for 60 minutes, acid activation using HCl 10% with impregnation BaCl2 5% (RBE-Ba) and without impregnation (RBE). BET analysis results of RBE-Ba and RBE were obtained with a pore surface area of 160 and 150 m2/gr, a total pore of 0.209 and 0.11 cc/gr, and a total pore size of 2.62 and 6.14 nm. The reactivation schemes being compared were build a new plant (NP) in an existing factory and build a new factory (NF). The most profitable scheme is RBE NP, with ROI is 20.97 % and PBP is 3.23 years. RBE NP is more economical because there is no need to buy new land, buildings, transportation, and low cost for chemicals and labour. NPV of RBE NP is USD 446,633.71, IRR is 15%, and B/C ratio is 53.31%. Based on environmental aspect, it can reduces air pollution resulting from SBE transportation, the risk of water and air contamination, and RBE will reduce the mining of bentonites to prevent environmental damage.

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“…Palm oil is a refined form of extract from oil palm fruit. The traditional palm oil refining processes involve four major steps, which are degumming, bleaching, neutralization, and deodorization (Saputro et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of used bleaching clay in pellet fuel production with torrefied oil palm fronds

Romyen,

Pianroj,

Punvichai

et al. 2023

BioRes

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Torrefaction oil palm fronds was studied as a renewable biomass resource for efficient and sustainable pellet fuel production. Employing microwave heating during torrefaction, the process optimized the conditions to enhance the fuel properties. At 300 °C for 40 minutes, the torrefied oil palm fronds exhibited a remarkable rise in net calorific value to 23 MJ/kg, accompanied by a substantial increase in fixed carbon content to 46%. These enhancements signify a significant boost in energy content and carbon richness, which is crucial for cleaner and greener energy solutions. Comparing pellet fuels derived from raw and torrefied biomass, a striking difference in calorific values was observed. While raw biomass pellets reached 12.24 MJ/kg, their torrefied counterparts achieved an impressive 18.40 MJ/kg. This undeniable advantage highlights the effectiveness of torrefaction in elevating energy output. To optimize the composition of the pellet fuel, an ideal mass proportion of torrefied oil palm fronds and used bleaching clay was identified as 70:30. This blend resulted in the highest recorded calorific value, further endorsing the viability of the approach. In conclusion, torrefaction at 300 °C for 40 minutes proved to be a potent technique for enhancing oil palm fronds as a valuable source of pellet fuel. These findings underscore its potential to revolutionize renewable energy production, promoting sustainability and mitigating environmental impact.

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Reactivating Adsorption Capacities of Spent Bleaching Earth for Using in Crude Palm Oil Industry

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Possibility of bleaching sunflower oil with synthetic zeolite

Possibility of bleaching sunflower oil with synthetic zeolite

Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Utilization of used bleaching clay in pellet fuel production with torrefied oil palm fronds

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