Reactions to Trauma: The 1976 Earthquake in Guatemala

Abstract

Half of our barrio slid down into the ravine, I mean half, right down, swosh! You could not even see where it had gone. It was so dark. This drunk comes down the street a little afterwards, I don't know where he was that he made it back. .. drunks always have luck, and he says, 'those bastards in the municipality finally cleaned up the neighbor hood.' It's not funny really, but that's how bad the place looked before the earthquake and that's how empty and swept clean it looked after.

Is the expression of different discrete emotions related to time? Evidence from online Chinese reviews using sentiment analysis and human behavior dynamics

“…The adjective “discrete” means that these basic emotions are independent and unique and can be distinguished from each other according to different characteristics. Although Ekman and Izard only focused on the differences in facial expressions, some other subsequent studies further revealed that there were certain differences in the activity patterns of the autonomic nervous system ( Levenson, 2002 ), neural and chemical processes ( Panksepp, 1998 ), and voice expression ( Scherer et al, 2003 ) corresponding to different discrete emotions.…”

"Beyond Development": A Critical Appraisal of the Emergence of Small Health Care Non-Governmental Organizations in Rural Guatemala

“…Subsequently, the widespread destruction of the 1976 earthquake, and the influx of small international organizations arriving to provide relief and development in affected areas, intensified the mechanisms by which local, state, and foreign actors coordinated to shape the landscape of NGOs (Kurtenbach 2008;Levenson 2002). In our own ethnography with community health workers in San Juan Comalapa, many point to the years after the earthquake as the "start of aid work," as documented by others as well (Cardelle 2003;Hinojosa 2004).…”

“…Although the Peace Accords were rhetorically aligned towards a progressive democratic aperture in Guatemalan history, in reality the post-Accords era has been characterized by a gradual weakening of the state and an enhanced penetration by transnational institutions into the domestic political economy (Chase-Dunn 2000; Robinson 2000). Whereas the post-1976 period was characterized by an authoritarian state that maintained strict control of relief and development projects for political purposes (Kurtenbach 2008;Levenson 2002), the post-1996 era of neoliberalism has af-forded the NGO sector free reign, with no practical oversight by any entity within the state or otherwise. This shift has resulted in a proliferating patchwork of small local and foreign NGOs.…”