Reactions to musical stimuli.

Cardiovascular and respiratory responses during musical mood induction

“…Instead, it is likely that the subjects unconsciously matched their breathing to dominant tempos. Past observations have identified a tendency of subjects to breathe with musical rhythms (Diserens, 1923); our finding of a relationship between respiration and the tempo of music is consistent with the more recent findings of Haas et al (1986). It would be interesting for future studies to examine music similarity and features (such as timbre) to check for frequencybased responses to the clips (Park, 2000), or evaluate the clips with acoustic similarity measures (Berenzweig et al, 2003).…”

“…Timedomain cardiovascular differences were not found, in contrast to previous research (Krumhansl, 1997;Nyklícek et al, 1997), although evidence for differences in heart rate within the clips between the inductions was identified. The entrainment of respiration to the music in this study, where conscious coordination should have been minimized by instruction and concurrent tasks, adds emphasis to previous reports that respiration can be driven by music (Diserens, 1923;Haas et al, 1986). The ability of many music tempos to drive respiration complicates the use of music for mood induction, and may make it impossible to separate physiological reactions to tempo from those due to the experienced mood.…”

Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research

“…Instead, it is likely that the subjects unconsciously matched their breathing to dominant tempos. Past observations have identified a tendency of subjects to breathe with musical rhythms (Diserens, 1923); our finding of a relationship between respiration and the tempo of music is consistent with the more recent findings of Haas et al (1986). It would be interesting for future studies to examine music similarity and features (such as timbre) to check for frequency-based responses to the clips (Park, 2000), or evaluate the clips with acoustic similarity measures (Berenzweig, Logan, Ellis, & Whitman, 2003).…”

The sound of silence is music to the heart

“…1 In 1920 Diserens noted that music also had an effect on respiratory timing: ''in general respiratory rhythm follows that of the music''. 2 Since then, numerous studies have documented the effects of different types of music on heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory frequency. 3 4 In this issue of Heart, Bernardi and colleagues suggest, in contrast to Hyde and Scalapino, that it is not the key in which the music is set, but the underlying tempo that is important in determining the physiological response.…”