Reactions of Perennial Grain Accessions to Four Major Cereal Pathogens of the Great Plains

Cox, Cindy M.; Garrett, Karen A.; Cox, T. S.; Bockus, W. W.; Peters, T.

doi:10.1094/pd-89-1235

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Residue removal after grain harvest can also limit disease and insect pests in the following year. Grazing and stubble burning have been suggested as approaches that might help to contain the load of residue-borne pathogens (Cox et al 2005 ), but harvesting vegetation for forage or bioenergy might have similar effects.…”

Section: Harvest Vegetation or Graze Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant diversity can be expected to most effectively control diseases in perennial grain crops when (a) the host is present in small areas, (b) pathogens are strongly specialized on particular host plant species, (c) pathogens are capable of effective dispersal, (d) disease lesions are small, and (e) there are many pathogen generations over the course of an epidemic (Garrett and Mundt 1999 , Cox et al 2005 ). When implementing within-field diversity, it is important to consider the particular goals for disease reduction.…”

Section: Functionally Diverse Perennial Grain Polyculturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing for Multifunctionality in Perennial Grain Crops

Crews²,

et al. 2018

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Plant breeders are increasing yields and improving agronomic traits in several perennial grain crops, the first of which is now being incorporated into commercial food products. Integration strategies and management guidelines are needed to optimize production of these new crops, which differ substantially from both annual grain crops and perennial forages. To offset relatively low grain yields, perennial grain cropping systems should be multifunctional. Growing perennial grains for several years to regenerate soil health before rotating to annual crops and growing perennial grains on sloped land and ecologically sensitive areas to reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses are two strategies that can provide ecosystem services and support multifunctionality. Several perennial cereals can be used to produce both grain and forage, and these dual-purpose crops can be intercropped with legumes for additional benefits. Highly diverse perennial grain polycultures can further enhance ecosystem services, but increased management complexity might limit their adoption.

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Section: Harvest Vegetation or Graze Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functionally Diverse Perennial Grain Polyculturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing for Multifunctionality in Perennial Grain Crops

Crews²,

et al. 2018

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“…Another area of WSMV resistance in wheat that has been investigated is the potential of resistance in perennial wheat. Investigations into WSMV resistance in perennial wheat germplasm have identified several sources that are resistant (Cox et al 2002(Cox et al , 2005. WSMV resistance would be critical to perennial wheat, but the utility of moving this resistance to regular wheat has yet to be proven.…”

Section: Host Plant Resistance To Wheat Curl Mite and Transmitted Virmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella, and transmitted viruses: an expanding pest complex affecting cereal crops

et al. 2012

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The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, and the plant viruses it transmits represent an invasive mite-virus complex that has affected cereal crops worldwide. The main damage caused by WCM comes from its ability to transmit and spread multiple damaging viruses to cereal crops, with Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) being the most important. Although WCM and transmitted viruses have been of concern to cereal growers and researchers for at least six decades, they continue to represent a challenge. In older affected areas, for example in North America, this mite-virus complex still has significant economic impact. In Australia and South America, where this problem has only emerged in the last decade, it represents a new threat to winter cereal production. The difficulties encountered in making progress towards managing WCM and its transmitted viruses stem from the complexity of the pathosystem. The most effective methods for minimizing losses from WCM transmitted viruses in cereal crops have previously focused on cultural and plant resistance methods. This paper brings together information on biological and ecological aspects of WCM, including its taxonomic status, occurrence, host plant range, damage symptoms and economic impact. Information about the main viruses transmitted by WCM is also included and the epidemiological relationships involved in this vectored complex of viruses are also addressed. Management strategies that have been directed at this mite-virus complex are presented, including plant resistance, its history, difficulties and advances. Current research perspectives to address this invasive mite-virus complex and minimize cereal crop losses worldwide are also discussed.

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“…x wheat show high levels of resistance to many common wheat diseases, including Cephalosporium stripe, wheat streak mosaic (and its wheat curl mite vector), stripe and leaf rust, barley yellow dwarf, eyespot (Jones et al 1995, Friebe et al 1996, Juahar and Peterson 1996, Cox et al 2002a, and tan spot (Cox et al 2005b). These differences in susceptibility probably developed because perennial plants have evolved in the context of longer-term exposure to pests and pathogens in natural ecosystems than have annual plants.…”

Section: Effects Of Agriculture On Other Systems and The Challenge Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter Seventeen. Applied Biodiversity Science: Managing Emerging Diseases in Agriculture and Linked Natural Systems Using Ecological Principles

Garrett¹,

Cox²

2010

Infectious Disease Ecology

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Pathogen reproduction tends to be host-frequency dependent, so that disease may be more problematic when particular crop species or genotypes are very common. Nonetheless, production agriculture is dominated by extensive monocultures. This is due partly to artifacts of agricultural policy and decision-making, but partly also to the real challenges of understanding and manipulating the ecological genomics of a single crop genotype, not to mention multiple species and genotypes. So there are trade-offs in investing agricultural research in many versus only a few agricultural species. Agricultural diseases may emerge or re-emerge for a number of reasons, including new pathogen introductions, new adaptation of pathogens to previously effective resistance genes, new types of host homogeneity (such as the widespread deployment of Texas male sterile cytoplasm in maize), trading policies that increase the economic impact of uncommon infections, and changes in the abiotic environment. Technological abilities in ecological genomics that are needed to support management of emerging and long-term disease include the ability to manipulate disease resistance genes in crops, the ability to devise crop plant communities at multiple spatial scales that are optimal for a range of agronomic traits, the ability to manipulate microbial communities for disease suppressive characteristics, and the ability to minimize undesired impacts on ecosystems surrounding agricultural systems. The construction of crop variety mixtures is an example of a technology that draws heavily on ecological ideas K. A. Garrett and C. M. Cox. Applied biodiversity science: Managing emerging diseases in agriculture and linked natural systems using 2 ecological principles. Pages 368-386 in Infectious disease ecology: The effects of ecosystems on disease and of disease on ecosystems. R. Ostfeld, F. Keesing, and V. Eviner, editors. Princeton University Press. and has also contributed greatly to our understanding of disease ecology through experiments examining the effects of patterns of host variability on disease through time and space. New forms of agricultural systems, such as perennial grains, may also offer environmental benefits such as reduced erosion and nutrient leaching, but will also challenge ecological genomics to provide effective methods of disease management since pathogens may more easily accumulate in long-term agricultural stands. While agricultural systems have typically grown less diverse over the past century, advances in ecological genomics are likely to make it feasible for systems to incorporate higher levels of diversity in the future as agricultural scientists are better able to influence and manage complex agricultural communities for reduced disease.

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Reactions of Perennial Grain Accessions to Four Major Cereal Pathogens of the Great Plains

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Managing for Multifunctionality in Perennial Grain Crops

Managing for Multifunctionality in Perennial Grain Crops

Wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella, and transmitted viruses: an expanding pest complex affecting cereal crops

Chapter Seventeen. Applied Biodiversity Science: Managing Emerging Diseases in Agriculture and Linked Natural Systems Using Ecological Principles

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