Reactions of Maleic Anhydride with Abietic Acid and Rosin

Isophthalic Acid - Application in Condensation Polymers.

“…Accepted February 9, 1952, Presented before the Division of Paint, Varnish, and Plastics Chemistry at the 121st Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Milwaukee, Wis, Butadiene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers as Rubber-to-Steel Adhesives CHARLES E. FRANK, GERARD KRAUS, AND ALBERT J. HAEFNER Applied Science Research Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio THE development of high strength, rubber-to-steel adhesives long has been an important goal in the rubber industry. A number of products now available are based largely on chlorinated or cyclized rubber (5). While some of these have been highly successful, they have not been able to supersede the older brass-plating process entirely (3), especially in applications where maximum strength and durability of the bond are desired.…”

Reactions and Uses of Tetrachlorophthalic Anhydride

“…Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride reacts with glycerol (55,114) and ethylene glycol (55) to form resins. Some research has been done with these resins to determine their properties, the principal of which are self-extinguishment of its flame and compatibility with low viscosity cellulose acetate in diacetone (48). More extended research has been carried out to determine acid numbers, saponification numbers, degree of esterification, heat of activation, velocity constants, and average molecular weight wThen various ratios of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and glycerol or ethylene glycol are used (55).…”

Preparation of Maleopimaric Acid

“…It is used as such or further treated with other materials as an ingredient for inks, coatings, and adhesives. Although pure MPA and its derivatives have been the subject of numerous chemical studies (Arkhipov and Potapov, 1967;Ayer and McDonald, 1965;Hovey and Hodgins, 1940;Langlois and Gastambide, 1967; Le- Van-Thoi, 1962;Zalkow, et al, 1965; and references cited therein), only recently have investigations been reported whose object has been to prepare useful products from MPA, e.g., vinyl polymers and copolymers (Hedrick, 1965; Magne, 1968), polyester resins (Wieger, 1968a), water-soluble alkvd resins (Brus and Daviaud, 1969a), poly(imide-amide) resins (Schuller, et al, 1967;Schuller and Lawrence, 1970a,b), poly (ester imides) (Sloan, 1971;Brus and Daviaud, 1969b), photographic emulsion additives (Knox and Fowler, 1958;Wright, 1958, 1962), and biochemically and pharmacologically active products (Clinton and Manson, 1964;Baker and Erickson, 1969;and references cited therein).…”

“…Research on new uses for rosin derivatives in this laboratory led to a need for a simple preparation of pure MPA on a multipound scale (MPA (technical grade) is now available from Eastman Organic Chemicals). Previously described preparations suffered from the disadvantages of requiring pure resin acids (references cited in Hovey and Hodgins, 1940) or pine oleoresin (Fleck, 1944;Cox, 1946) or an elaborate purification (Anderson, 1954). The procedure of Wieger (1968b) which described the crystallization of MPA from an isopropyl ether solution of maleated rosin failed in our laboratory to give good yields of pure product when tall oil rosin was used as the substrate.…”