Reactions of hemocytes of immune and non-immune Galleriamellonella larvae to Proteusmirabilis

Morton, David B.; Dunphy, Gary B.; Chadwick, June S.

doi:10.1016/0145-305x(87)90007-3

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The use of insects in place of mammals for routine testing of microbial pathogens (or their mutants) would reduce cost, labour and the need to use the same number of mammals as used at present. It has been demonstrated previously that larval death can be employed as an end point for this type of assay [1][2][3]10,11,13]. The work presented here demonstrates two further end points that may extend the applicability of the G. mellonella model system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Fluctuations in the haemocyte density of larvae were examined, since haemocyte numbers have been shown to vary in insects infected with microorganisms [11,13] Examination of changes in haemocyte density in larvae inoculated with the different isolates used in this study indicate that a low survival rate is correlated with a reduced haemocyte density, whereas a high survival rate is correlated with a haemocyte density close to that of control larvae. Changes in haemocyte density following microbial challenge have been observed previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Haemocytes represent the main element of the insect cellular response to infection, and fluctuations in haemocyte numbers have previously been shown to occur following infection with a range of microorganisms [11,13]. The objective of this work was to determine whether changes in haemocyte density in individual larvae could be correlated with larval survival following inoculation.…”

Section: An Examination Of Haemocyte Density In G Mellonella Larvae mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, haemolymph contains cells (haemocytes) and antimicrobial peptides capable of immobilising and killing invading microorganisms [12,13]. The majority of haemocytes circulate freely within the haemolymph, but a significant number can be found associated with internal organs such as the fat body, trachea or digestive system [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fluctuations in haemocyte density and microbial load may be used as indicators of fungal pathogenicity in larvae of Galleria mellonella

Bergin

Brennan

Kavanagh

2003

Microbes and Infection

116

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A positive correlation exists between the pathogenicity of bacteria and fungi when evaluated in the insect Galleria mellonella and mice. This work sought to determine whether fluctuations in the number of haemocytes and the proliferation of yeast cells in infected larvae could be used to determine the relative pathogenicity of a range of yeast isolates. Larvae were inoculated with 1 × 10 6 stationary-phase yeast cells and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 48 h. The results indicated that larvae inoculated with the most pathogenic isolates (i.e. those capable of killing >80% of infected larvae) showed a significant reduction in haemocyte density. Larvae inoculated with isolates of low pathogenicity (i.e. capable of killing <20% of infected larvae) demonstrated only a small fluctuation in haemocyte numbers. The most pathogenic yeast isolates proliferated in the larvae, whereas the isolates of low pathogenicity did not. These results demonstrate a relationship between the ability of yeast isolates to kill larvae and changes in haemocyte density and yeast cell density in infected larvae. These end points may extend the applicability of the G. mellonella system for use with a wider range of microbial isolates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: An Examination Of Haemocyte Density In G Mellonella Larvae mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluctuations in haemocyte density and microbial load may be used as indicators of fungal pathogenicity in larvae of Galleria mellonella

Bergin

Brennan

Kavanagh

2003

Microbes and Infection

116

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Advantages of the use of insects include low cost, ease of rearing in the laboratory, genetic manipulability and fewer ethical considerations than the use of mammalian models [4]. We are interested in developing the use of larvae of the Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) which is attracting ever-increasing attention as a model organism for the study of a range of pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa [5], Proteus mirabilis [7], Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, [8] and Staphylococcus aureus [6]) and fungi (Cryptococcus neoformans [9], Aspergillus and Candida species [6,10]). The demonstration of a positive correlation between the virulence of Candida mutants in BalbC mice and G. mellonella larvae augments the use of G. mellonella as a model for evaluating microbial pathogenicity [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of proteins homologous to human neutrophil p47phox and p67phox to the cell membrane in activated hemocytes of Galleria mellonella

Renwick

Reeves

Wientjes

et al. 2007

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activation of the superoxide forming respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils, crucial in host defence, requires the cytosolic proteins p47 phox and p67 phox which translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation and activate flavocytochrome b 558 , the redox centre of this enzyme system. We have previously demonstrated the presence of proteins (67 and 47 kDa) in hemocytes of the insect Galleria mellonella homologous to proteins of the superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase complex of neutrophils. The work presented here illustrates for the first time translocation of homologous hemocyte proteins, 67 and 47 kDa from the cytosol to the plasma membrane upon phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) activation. In hemocytes, gliotoxin (GT), the fungal secondary metabolite significantly suppressed PMA-induced superoxide generation in a concentration dependent manner and reduced translocation to basel nonstimulated levels. Primarily these results correlate translocation of hemocyte 47 and 67 kDa proteins with PMA induced oxidase activity. Collectively results presented here, demonstrate further cellular and functional similarities between phagocytes of insects and mammals and further justify the use of insects in place of mammals for modelling the innate immune response to microbial pathogens. r

show abstract

Utility of Insects for Studying Human Pathogens and Evaluating New Antimicrobial Agents

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2013

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Insect models, such as Galleria mellonella and Drosophila melanogaster have significant ethical, logistical, and economic advantages over mammalian models for the studies of infectious diseases. Using these models, various pathogenic microbes have been studied and many novel virulence genes have been identified. Notably, because insects are susceptible to a wide variety of human pathogens and have immune responses similar to those of mammals, they offer the opportunity to understand innate immune responses against human pathogens better. It is important to note that insect pathosystems have also offered a simple strategy to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of many antimicrobial agents. Overall, insect models provide a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable way as complementary hosts to conventional vertebrate animal models to study pathogenesis and antimicrobial agents.

show abstract

Reactions of hemocytes of immune and non-immune Galleriamellonella larvae to Proteusmirabilis

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Fluctuations in haemocyte density and microbial load may be used as indicators of fungal pathogenicity in larvae of Galleria mellonella

Fluctuations in haemocyte density and microbial load may be used as indicators of fungal pathogenicity in larvae of Galleria mellonella

Translocation of proteins homologous to human neutrophil p47phox and p67phox to the cell membrane in activated hemocytes of Galleria mellonella

Utility of Insects for Studying Human Pathogens and Evaluating New Antimicrobial Agents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About