Reactions of free chlorine with substituted anilines in aqueous solution and on granular activated carbon

Hwang, Su-Ching; Larson, Richard A.; Snoeyink, Vernon L.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(90)90224-t

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several possible reasons could explain the observed decrease in MIB capacity caused by chlorine. Numerous studies have shown that activated carbon may catalyze many types of reactions with chlorine 10 – 16 . Therefore, it was important to establish that the radiolabeled MIB was not being catalytically degraded on the PAC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of chlorine on PAC's ability to adsorb MIB

Gillogly¹,

Snoeyink²,

Holthouse³

et al. 1998

Journal AWWA

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DISINFECTIONu sty or earth y odors, generally attribu ted to 2-m eth ylisoborn eol (MIB) an d geosm in , are th e m ost frequ en tly observed odors in water su pplies. 1 Su rveys of u tilities h ave fou n d th at th e u se of activated carbon seem s to be on e of th e m ost effective m eth ods for con trollin g tastes an d odors. 2,3 However, activated carbon is often applied with ou t a fu ll u n derstan din g of h ow oth er treatm en t ch em icals m ay affect adsorption .Th e application of ch lorin e as a part of th e water treatm en t process is still a com m on practice for disinfection , taste an d odor con trol, an d am m on ia rem oval. As a resu lt, ch lorin e is on e of th e ch em icals th at often com es in to con tact with activated carbon . Wh en free ch lorin e, m on och loram in e, an d dich loram in e con tact activated carbon , th ey oxidize its su rface an d in th e process are con verted prim arily to ch loride ion an d oth er produ cts. 4 Oxidation of th e su rface of activated carbon resu lts in a decrease in adsorptive capacity for a variety of Ex p e rim e n ts w e re co n d u cte d in n atu ral an d d e io n ize d d istille d w ate r to e stablish th e e x te n t to w h ich ch lo rin e d im in ish e s th e ability o f activate d carbo n to ad so rb 2-m e th yliso bo rn e o l (MIB). Th e au th o rs d e te rm in e d th at th e d e gre e o f re d u ctio n in MIB ad so rp tio n cap acity w as co n tro lle d by th e am o u n t o f ch lo rin e re acte d p e r u n it m ass o f activate d carbo n . A lth o u gh th e cap acity re d u ctio n w as attribu te d to th e o x id atio n o f MIB ad so rp tio n site s, th e au th o rs fo u n d th at ch lo rin e co u ld re ad ily o x id ize site s alre ad y co n tain in g MIB, th e re by re le asin g it back in to th e aqu e o u s p h ase . A sign ifican t p o rtio n o f th is lo st cap acity co u ld be re co ve re d by d ryin g th e o x id ize d carbo n . To m ax im ize th e e fficie n cy o f bo th th e ch lo rin e an d p o w d e re d activate d carbo n (PA C), co n tact be tw e e n th e ch lo rin e an d PA C sh o u ld be e lim in ate d o r m in im ize d . For executive summary, see page 175.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation of the surface of activated carbon results in a decrease in adsorptive capacity for a variety of organic compounds 4 – 9 . Also, activated carbon catalyzes many types of reactions with aqueous chlorine 5 , 10 – 15 . MIB, however, is difficult to oxidize and is not directly affected by chlorine 16 , 17 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chlorine on PAC's ability to adsorb MIB

Gillogly¹,

Snoeyink²,

Holthouse³

et al. 1998

Journal AWWA

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“…However, Cl 2 in the influent of GAC filters can lead to a structural deterioration of the GAC 55 . Additionally, Cl 2 reacts with the GAC and different adsorbed organics, e.g., phenolic compounds and anilines, to form chlorinated organics not formed in the liquid phase 95 – 98 . The ability to decompose oxidant residuals might be part of the reason why GAC has been thought to significantly enhance biofiltration.…”

Section: Biological Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological filtration for BOM and particle removal: a critical review

Urfer¹,

Huck²,

Booth³

et al. 1997

Journal AWWA

141

115

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The authors review key parameters and engineering variables influencing biological filtration and identify areas requiring further research. Biological filtration, an important process step for the production of microbially safe and aesthetically pleasing drinking water, has attracted increased attention within the water industry. In many cases, the most economical way to implement biological rapid filtration is to achieve biodegradable organic matter (BOM) removal and particle removal within the same filter unit, i.e., single‐stage biological filtration. This requires optimization of the filtration process, keeping in mind both treatment goals: BOM and particle removal. This article presents a critical review of the key parameters and engineering variables influencing the biological performance, as well as the conventional performance, of biologically active filters. Several areas requiring further research have been identified.

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“…GAC has been shown to remove chlorine (Jagauribe et al 2005;Jegatheesan et al 2009), so it appears to be an effective treatment for bleach as well, which is also detrimental to most RO membranes (discussed below). In addition, chlorine can react with organic compounds sorbed to GAC, destroying the organic compounds and attenuating the chlorine (Jackson et al 1987;Hwang et al 1990). As such, it is a key protective technology for the RO system.…”

Section: Media Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%