Reactions of FeS2, CoS2, and NiS2 Electrodes in Molten LiCl ‐ KCl Electrolytes

Preto, S. K.; Tomczuk, Z.; Winbush, S. Von; Roche, M. F.

doi:10.1149/1.2119692

Cited by 68 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[1][2][3] They are usually employed as the primary reserve batteries and are activated by rapidly heating the molten salt used as the electrolyte. Thus, thermal batteries are high-temperature power sources that are typically operated at 350-550…”

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CoS₂Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS₂Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

Ning

Liu

Xie

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The cathode material pyrite (FeS 2 ) (core) was coated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 wt% CoS 2 (shell) (denoted as FeS 2 @CoS 2 ) by the hydrothermal method and a subsequent heat-treatment to form composites with enhanced thermal stability and electrochemical performance. Importantly, results indicate indicated that CoS 2 particles with a complete crystal structure had been successfully coated on the FeS 2 surface. The sample coated with the optimal amount of CoS 2 , which was determined to be 7.5 wt%, showed the highest thermal decomposition temperature (610.6 • C) and excellent specific capacity (as high as 320 mA h g −1 at 520 • C and 200 mA cm −2 at a cutoff voltage of 1.6 V), in compared to that of pure FeS 2 (551.3 • C, 240 mA h g −1 ). Because CoS 2 is an excellent electrical conductor, the surface of FeS 2 is modified by CoS 2 , which leads to the change of the microstructure of FeS 2 surface, which enhances the intercalation of ionic electrolyte and enhances the electrical conductivity of FeS 2 . In the meantime, CoS 2 has high thermal stability and exhibits low solubility in the molten electrolyte, which reduces the elemental sulfur loss of FeS 2 during discharge and thereby increases the electrochemical capacity.

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“…18,19 On the other hand, CoS 2 shows markedly higher thermal stability and begins to decompose only at temperatures greater than 650…”

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confidence: 99%

CoS₂Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS₂Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

Ning

Liu

Xie

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Cathode behaviour was revealed using spatially resolved XRD. Cobalt sulphide compounds react with lithium to form more sulphur reduced cobalt sulphides and lithium sulphide (Preto et al ., 1983) The sequence of cobalt sulphide phases that should occur during discharge at 500°C is CoS 2 , Co 3 S 4 , Co 1− x S, Co 9 S 8 , and finally Co (Okamoto, 1990). The tortuosity created by nanoscale‐size CoS 2 particles in the cathode limits reactant transport through the cathode.…”

Section: Application: Metallographic Analysis Of a Thermal Battery Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be relevant for thermal batteries that are designed to utilize the coulombic capacity of cobalt sulphide by exploiting the first three cathode transitions (until the potential is set by Co 9 S 8 ), which altogether have less than a 10% change in reduction potential [i.e. 1.701–1.639 V, against Li(Al) alloy; Preto et al ., 1983].…”

Section: Application: Metallographic Analysis Of a Thermal Battery Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-hazard metallography of moisture-sensitive electrochemical cells

Wesolowski

Rodriguez

McKenzie

et al. 2011

Journal of Microscopy

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Summary A low‐hazard approach is presented to prepare metallographic cross‐sections of moisture‐sensitive battery components. The approach is tailored for evaluation of thermal (molten salt) batteries composed of thin pressed‐powder pellets, but has general applicability to other battery electrochemistries. Solution‐cast polystyrene is used to encapsulate cells before embedding in epoxy. Nonaqueous grinding and polishing are performed in an industrial dry room to increase throughput. Lapping oil is used as a lubricant throughout grinding. Hexane is used as the solvent throughout processing; occupational exposure levels are well below the limits. Light optical and scanning electron microscopy on cross‐sections are used to analyse a thermal battery cell. Spatially resolved X‐ray diffraction on oblique angle cut cells complement the metallographic analysis.

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“…[ Figure 1(a) and (b)], have also been studied as conversion electrode materials [12,13,14,15,16] , in which electrochemical charge storage involves extensive chemical and structural evolution relative to commercial electrode materials that store charge by intercalation. This gives rise to the much higher theoretical capacities of conversion materials [9,17,18].…”

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Rapid microwave-assisted preparation of binary and ternary transition metal sulfide compounds

Butala

Perez

Arnon

et al. 2017

Solid State Sciences

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Rapid microwave-assisted preparation of binary and ternary transition metal sulfide compounds AbstractTransition metal chalcogenides are of interest for energy applications, including energy generation in photoelectrochemical cells and as electrodes for next-generation electrochemical energy storage.Synthetic routes for such chalcogenides typically involve extended heating at elevated temperatures for multiple weeks. We demonstrate here the feasibility of rapidly preparing select sulfide compounds in a matter of minutes, rather than weeks, using microwave-assisted heating in domestic microwaves. We report the preparations of phase pure FeS 2 , CoS 2 , and solid solutions thereof from the elements with only 40 minutes of heating. Conventional furnace and rapid microwave preparations of CuTi 2 S 4 both result in a majority of the targeted phase, even with the significantly shorter heating time of 40 minutes for microwave methods relative to 12 days using a conventional furnace. The preparations we describe for these compounds can be extended to related structures and chemistries and thus enable rapid screening of the properties and performance of various compositions of interest for electronic, optical, and electrochemical applications.

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Reactions of FeS2, CoS2, and NiS2 Electrodes in Molten LiCl ‐ KCl Electrolytes

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

CoS₂Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS₂Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

CoS₂Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS₂Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

Low-hazard metallography of moisture-sensitive electrochemical cells

Rapid microwave-assisted preparation of binary and ternary transition metal sulfide compounds

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Reactions of FeS2, CoS2, and NiS2 Electrodes in Molten LiCl ‐ KCl Electrolytes

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

CoS2Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS2Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

CoS2Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS2Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

Low-hazard metallography of moisture-sensitive electrochemical cells

Rapid microwave-assisted preparation of binary and ternary transition metal sulfide compounds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CoS₂Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS₂Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

CoS₂Coatings for Improving Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Performance of FeS₂Cathodes for Thermal Batteries