Reactions of Carbon Vapor with Hydrogen and with Methane in a High Intensity Arc

Baddour, R. F.; Blanchet, J.

doi:10.1021/i260011a014

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The plasma formed consists, in the homogeneous phase (the one we are interested in here), of the polymeric forms of carbon vapor C1, C2, and C3, of atomic and molecular hydrogen, as well as of a number of radicals and molecules. However, reference to the work of Baddour and Blanchet (1,5) leads to the conclusion that for the conditions of the present study (atmospheric pressure; C/H2 ----0.75), acetylene is nearly maximum at 320,0~ its concentration being about two times higher than C2H. 2 and 3 related to propane flow rates of 0.3 X 10 -2 g-moles/rain and 1.2 X 10 :-2 g-moles/rain, it is observed that the maximum acetylene yields occur, as an average, at 3200 ~ and 4200~ when, respectively, 5 • 10 -4 and 19 X 10 .-4 g-motes/ rain iron vapor are injected into the reacting medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the refractory tips already mentioned provide conditions of homogeneous region within the considered reactor volume S, the following relation can be written moles C2H2 moles C2H 2 [1] moles C2H~ + moles Hg_ --mole C~Hs 4 a value of 1.5 for this ratio being equivalent to 100% C2H2 yield for the reaction 2CsHs----> 3C2H2 + 5H2 [2] where the acetylene and hydrogen concentrations are obtained from a sample analysis for a given test, the total content of hydrogen being used for the determination of the initial amount of propane. The samples are analyzed for acetylene and H2 which are, for all practical purposes, the only gas constituents found in all cases as products of reaction.…”

Section: Apparatus and Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All discussions for the December 1975 Discussion Section should be submitted by Aug. 1,1975. All discussions for the December 1975 Discussion Section should be submitted by Aug. 1,1975.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetylene production from lower hydrocarbons like methane, ethane, and propane have been studied and the reaction kinetics is well known (1,2) so that possible changes brought by the introduction of iron vapor are more easily evaluated. The case investigated is the formation of acetylene from propane cracking in the presence of iron vapor, the plasma matrix being argon.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metal Vapor Effects on Chemical Reactions in an Argon Plasma

Meubus

1975

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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owing to buildup of hard-to-dissolve oxidation products at the etching surface.The three prototype systems studied [en-HC1-K3Fe (CN) 6, NH3-NH4CI-I~Fe (CN) 6, and KOH-KH2PO4-K3Fe (CN)6] are all capable of excellent etching of high resolution tungsten device circuits as long as the selected composition meets the criterion of H + absorbing capacity. We tend to favor KOH-KH2PO4-K3Fe (CN)6 (even though it furnishes the lowest etching rates) for general work owing to its long shelf life and relative independence of component concentrations. Where speed is required or thick tungsten samples (> 5000A) mus~ be etched, then the en-HC1-KsFe (CN)6 system is recommended, provided the user is aware of the short shelf life of the etchant.The gentle nature of KsFe(CN)6 coupled with the near-neutral pH of etchant operation makes these systems completely compatible with all presently available photoresists. AcknowledgmentWe wish to thank J. L. Bartelt for suggesting the advantages of strong acids for buffering amines. ABSTRACTIn order to illustrate the effect of metal vapors on chemical reactions carried out at high temperatures, the example has been taken of propane cracking in an argon plasma, yielding acetylene. The reaction takes place in the homogeneous phase, in the presence of iron vapor. Molar ratios propane/ argon of 1.5 and 6.0% have been used, associated with 0.25, 0.75, and 1.00% iron/argon molar ratios. It is observed that the reaction temperatures required for obtaining the maximum conversion of propane into acetylene are considerably lowered in the presence of iron vapor, attaining then 3200 ~ 4200~ while, all other conditions being equal, except for the presence of iron vapor, these temperatures are of the order of 5000~176The latter conditions also lead to maximum conversions of propane into acetylene which are of the order of 40 % while these conversions attain 100 % when iron vapor is present. Possible mechanisms are suggested, relating the results observed either to a catalytic effect generated by condensing iron particles, or to a photosensitization process by which excited iron vapor emissions around 30,00.7 and 5328.5A contribute to the stabilization of acetylene and C2H precursor during the quenching stage, thus avoiding the decomposition of these species into solid carbon and hydrogen. * Electrochemical Society Active Member. ABSTRACTActivities and activity coefficients of indium and tin in their amalgams were determined by means of potentiometric measurements in the temperature region 150~176The equilibrium potential of indium amalgam was

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatus and Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All discussions for the December 1975 Discussion Section should be submitted by Aug. 1,1975. All discussions for the December 1975 Discussion Section should be submitted by Aug. 1,1975.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Vapor Effects on Chemical Reactions in an Argon Plasma

Meubus

1975

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Plooster and Reed [38] found good agreement between experimental and thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations of acetylene in a carbon tube. Baddour and Blanchet [39] used the thermodynamic equilibrium analysis to predict the maximum acetylene concentration and found which was obtained at the temperature of 3000°C. Dai [40] and Xie [41] acknowledged that the condition of gas-solid heterogeneous equilibrium should be taken into account to be more appropriate for analyzing the process of coal pyrolysis.…”

Section: Cleaner Production Of Acetylene By Coal Pyrolysis In Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

China goes green: cleaner production of chemicals

Yan¹,

Lu²,

Cheng³

2012

Green Processing and Synthesis

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The effort that China is making for cleaner production of chemicals especially based on technology innovations of green processing and synthesizing methods, is reviewed. An example is the rapidly expanding chlor-alkali industry in China, which manufactures a large volume of products of caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc. With a distinct difference from conventional technologies, a series of novel processes are under investigation, both in academic research and in industrial demonstrations, such as clean coal conversion to acetylene using thermal plasma, mercury free catalysis to synthesize vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and a plasma-assisted gas-solid contacting process to make chlorinated PVC (CPVC). All efforts are directed to improving the process effi ciency, saving the materials and energy cost, and accordingly to reducing the emission/disposal of waste gases, liquids and solid residues. We try to address the signifi cance of technology innovations to drive the industry reformation, in order to fully update the outdated processes with heavy pollution and energy consumption, to the state of the art green process and synthesis techniques.

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