Reactions Involving Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Organic Compounds at Low Concentrations in Air

Hanst, P. L.; Stephens, Edgar R.; Scott, William E.

doi:10.1080/00966665.1956.10467714

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This work further highlighted the complexity of the chemical processes occurring in the atmosphere and the enormous variabilities depending upon the composition and concentration of the pollutants being studied. Another influential research group working at that time to identify the chemistry of smog formation was headed by William E. Scott at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, PA. Beginning in 1953, under sponsorship of the American Petroleum Institute (API), the Franklin Institute undertook and reported on a series of experimental studies involving the photochemistry of smog [24][25][26]. This work investigated the rates, products, and chemical mechanisms of specific photochemical reactions conducted within a custom-designed, long-path reaction cell.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Smog Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Example IR spectra taken before and after irradiation are shown in Figure 8, to illustrate the approach taken by Scott and his colleagues. The top panel shows the relatively simple IR absorption patterns of the starting materials (10 ppm 3-methylheptane and 5 ppm NO2), while the bottom panel shows a much more complex pattern due to formation Another influential research group working at that time to identify the chemistry of smog formation was headed by William E. Scott at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, PA. Beginning in 1953, under sponsorship of the American Petroleum Institute (API), the Franklin Institute undertook and reported on a series of experimental studies involving the photochemistry of smog [24][25][26]. This work investigated the rates, products, and chemical mechanisms of specific photochemical reactions conducted within a custom-designed, longpath reaction cell.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Smog Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vehicle Emissions and Air Quality: The Early Years (1940s–1950s)

Hoekman

Welstand

2021

Atmosphere

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During the 1940s, an unusual form of air pollution was experienced in the Los Angeles (LA) area of Southern California. Referred to as LA smog, this pollution differed from previously known air pollution with respect to its temporal patterns (daytime formation and nighttime dissipation), eye irritation, high oxidant levels, and plant damage. Early laboratory and field experimentation discovered the photochemical origins of LA smog. Though mechanistic understanding was incomplete, it was determined that hydrocarbon (HC) compounds in the atmosphere participate in smog formation, enabling build-up of higher ozone concentrations than would otherwise occur. It being a significant source, there was great interest in characterizing and controlling HC emissions from motor vehicles. Considerable work was done in the 1940s and 1950s to understand how emissions varied with vehicle operating conditions and deterioration of engine components. During this time, procedures were developed (and improved) to sample and quantify vehicle emissions. Besides exhaust, HC emissions from crankcase blowby, carburetor evaporation, and fuel tank losses were measured and characterized. Initial versions of both catalytic and non-catalytic exhaust after-treatment systems were developed. The knowledge gained from this pre-1960 work laid the foundation for many advancements that reduced vehicle emissions and improved air quality during subsequent decades.

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Section: Chemistry Of Smog Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemistry Of Smog Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Emissions and Air Quality: The Early Years (1940s–1950s)

Hoekman

Welstand

2021

Atmosphere

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“…The long-path infrared spectrometer (popularly known as Silent Sam) designed and constructed to study atmospheric reactions was an outstanding piece of work and is a valuable tool to scientists now engaged in air pollution research. 29 "" 32 5. A study of the reactions of ozone and hydrocarbons for the identification of materials responsible for the oxidanttype damage to vegetation was sponsored at the University of California at Riverside.…”

Section: Research and Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ThePetroleum Refining Industry—Air Pollution Problems and Control Methods

1964

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…But ozone in the troposphere, the surface atmosphere, can be harmful. This ozone is created through chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Hanst et al (1956)) and is a respiratory hazard. The homogeneous gas-phase interaction of ozone with hydrocarbons in the indoor environment has the potential to produce harmful compounds, such as formaldehyde (Salthammer et al (2010)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone-Surface Exchange and Transport and Transformation near Ventilation Air Supply

Ramasubramanian¹

2000

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Ozone in indoor environments can pose a health risk to human occupants; around half of exposure to this pollutant occurs inside buildings. One approach to reducing indoor O3 levels is to mitigate O3 as it enters a building via outdoor air ventilation supply. Often, mechanical systems that introduce outdoor air into buildings are placed on building rooftops. At the urban scale, greenery has been shown to reduce levels of some harmful pollutants, including ozone and cities like Portland, OR, are mandating green roofs be built on large commercial buildings to increase urban green surfaces. We investigate if rooftop vegetation may act as a sink for O3 as transport occurs across a green roof. It is known that O3 can react with vegetated surfaces and the ground but there is scant empirical research on said pollutant dynamics on vegetated green roofs, and little data concerning pollutant interactions occurring on other rooftop designs. Essentially unstudied is the potential of rooftop designs to affect local concentrations of pollutants where building outdoor air supply may be co-located. In this study, we investigate O3 dry deposition using resistance uptake theory in an area that includes a green roof on a local big box retail store through a field study conducted during a two-week period in the Summer of 2017. Deposition velocities and subsequently surface resistances were measured. The 10 th , 50 th , and 90 th percentiles for resistances were 54.8 s/m, 195.3 s/m, and 3692.9 s/m respectively. A 2-D advection-diffusion model of rooftop deposition is employed to describe transport across the green roof and sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the impact of different parameters. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the fetch length and the vegetation height had the biggest impact, followed by the meteorological parameters; the friction

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Reactions Involving Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Organic Compounds at Low Concentrations in Air

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Vehicle Emissions and Air Quality: The Early Years (1940s–1950s)

Vehicle Emissions and Air Quality: The Early Years (1940s–1950s)

ThePetroleum Refining Industry—Air Pollution Problems and Control Methods

Ozone-Surface Exchange and Transport and Transformation near Ventilation Air Supply

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