Reaction to stressful life events: What predicts symptom severity?

Cameron, Amy; Palm, Kathleen M.; Follette, Victoria M.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.008

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anders et al, 2011; Cameron et al, 2010; Roberts et al, 2012). The only study that did investigate gender differences reported that different types of traumas might be associated with differences in PTSD symptoms in women but not in men, but was limited by using a non-clinical sample and investigating a limited number of events (Lancaster, Melka, Rodriguez, & Bryant, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this influential paper, several studies have reported that stressful non-A1 events are associated with similar or even higher rates of PTSD symptoms than A1 events (e.g. Anders, Frazier, & Frankfurt, 2011; Cameron, Palm, & Follette, 2010; Gold, Marx, Soler-Baillo, & Sloan, 2005; Long et al, 2008; Mol et al, 2005; Roberts et al, 2012; Robinson & Larson, 2010), questioning the constricted definition of traumatic A1 events. In this regard, in contrast to the DSM-5, the ICD-11 will differentiate less between effects of formal DSM traumatic (A1) events and other (non-A1) stressful life events (World Health Organization), and diagnosis of PTSD will mainly be based on PTSD symptom presentation (Maercker et al, 2013; World Health Organization; Vermetten, Baker, Jetly, & McFarlane, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies that examined the association between A1 versus non-A1 events and PTSD symptom severity only investigated women (e.g. Anders et al, 2011; Cameron et al, 2010; Roberts et al, 2012) or did not investigate gender differences (e.g. Gold et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A new perspective on PTSD symptoms after traumatic vs stressful life events and the role of gender

Berg

Tollenaar

Spinhoven

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There is an ongoing debate about the validity of the A1 criterion of PTSD. Whereas the DSM-5 has opted for a more stringent A1 criterion, the ICD-11 will leave it out as a key criterion. Objective: Here we investigated whether formal DSM-IV-TR traumatic (A1) and stressful (non-A1) events differ with regard to PTSD symptom profiles, and whether there is a gender difference in this respect. Method: This was examined in a large, mostly clinical sample from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n = 1433). Participants described their most bothersome (index) event and were assigned to either an A1 or non-A1 event group according to this index event. Results: Remarkably, in men PTSD symptoms were even more severe after non-A1 than A1 events, whereas in women symptoms were equally severe after non-A1 and A1 events. Moreover, while women showed significantly higher PTSD symptoms after A1 events than men (29.9 versus 15.4% met PTSD criteria), there was no gender difference after non-A1 events (women: 28.2%; men: 31.3%). Furthermore, anxiety and perceived impact were higher in women than men, which was associated with PTSD symptom severity. Conclusion: In sum, while women showed similar levels of PTSD symptoms after both event types, men reported even higher levels of PTSD symptoms after non-A1 than A1 events. These findings shed a new light on the role of gender in PTSD symptomatology and the clinical usefulness of the A1 criterion.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A new perspective on PTSD symptoms after traumatic vs stressful life events and the role of gender

Berg

Tollenaar

Spinhoven

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Others argue that the data suggest the Stressor Criterion is unnecessary and should be removed entirely from the diagnostic criteria (e.g., Gold et al, 2005;Mol et al, 2005). Some also argue that the inconsistent findings are evidence that the event does not contribute to the presentation of symptoms (e.g., Boals & Schuettler, 2009;Cameron et al, 2010). Instead, they suggest that the individual's emotional and behavioural responses may more accurately predict the risk for PTSD symptomatology.…”

Section: Current Status Of Criterion A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Cameron et al (2010) argued that it is the individual's cognitive and behavioural response to the event, rather than the event itself, that is a significant risk factor for psychological distress. Their study exploring the prevalence and severity of PTSD symptoms among individuals who had experienced criterion-A1 and non-criterion-A1 events, found that those who developed PTSD symptoms, regardless of the event, reported significantly higher tendencies to suppress unwanted thoughts.…”

Section: Current Status Of Criterion A1mentioning

confidence: 99%