Reaction to Indigo Carmine

Abstract

The commonly encountered cardiovascular effects of intravenous indigo carmine administration is transient alpha-receptor stimulation, namely increased total peripheral resistance, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and central venous pressure with decreased cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate. These usually cause no problems and frequently go undetected unless the patient is monitored closely during that brief interval. However, significant problems occur occasionally and its use is not totally without risks.

Blue dyes, blue people: the systemic effects of blue dyes when administered via different routes

“…The initial hemodynamic effects of methylene blue observed in animal studies were a decrease in cardiac output (CO) and an increase in both systemic (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance, followed by brief but significant left ventricular dysfunction-expressed first by hypertension and later with hypotension [1]. The commonly encountered effects of indigo carmine administration are transient α-receptor stimulation, namely increased SVR, BP, central venous pressure, and decreased CO, stroke volume, and HR [37]. These are usually brief and often undetected unless the patient is closely monitored.…”

Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine in aqueous solution by TiO2-coated non-woven fibres

“…When administered intravenously to determine potency of the urinary collecting system, it is also known to cause mild to severe hypertension, cardiovascular and respiratory effects in patients [7][8][9]. It may also cause gastrointestinal irritations with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea [10,11]. The toxicity tests of the dye revealed longterm toxicity in mice [12] and short-term toxicity in the pig [13].…”

Indigo carmine enhances phenylephrine-induced contractions in an isolated rat aorta

“…Any clinical implication of indigo carmine on the regional hemodynamics must be tempered by the fact that the aorta was used in this in vitro study, whereas the resistance vessels with the arterioles with a diameter of 100-300 μm control organ blood flow [19]. Even with this limitation, the indigo carmine-induced enhancement of the contraction evoked by phenylephrine might contribute to the transiently increased blood pressure observed in previous in vivo studies [2][3][4][5]. Intravenous indigo carmine increased , which may be involved in the indigo carmine-induced enhancement of the contraction evoked by phenylephrine in an isolated rat aorta [7,14,15].…”

“…61, No. 1, July 2011 the total peripheral vascular resistance, diastolic and systolic pressure and central venous pressure [4]. Generally, indigo carmine-induced hypertension is transient, not harmful and frequently undetected unless the patients are closely monitored for a brief period [4].…”

“…The intravenous administration of indigo carmine during anesthesia has been reported to produce transiently increased blood pressure in patients [2][3][4][5]. The commonly encountered cardiovascular effect of intravenously administered indigo carmine during anesthesia might be associated with transient alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation, which leads to increased total peripheral resistance and hypertension [4,5]. Indigo carmine inhibits endotheliumdependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation and produces superoxide radicals [6,7].…”