Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Alcohol Use in Persons with Bipolar Disorder

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder in persons with bipolar disorder (BD). The study population included 1268 persons from Finland with bipolar disorder. Alcohol use was assessed through hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Hazardous drinking was screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) screening tool. Alcohol-related disorder diagnoses were obtained from the national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on A tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Mental Health Inventory with five items (MHI-5). However, no assessment of current manic symptoms was available. Association between RT-test and alcohol use was analyzed with log-linear regression, and eβ with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. PAL first trial memory score was analyzed with linear regression, and β with 95% CI are reported. PAL total errors adjusted was analyzed with logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI are reported. After adjustment of age, education, housing status and depression, hazardous drinking was associated with lower median and less variable RT in females while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol use and cognition in persons with bipolar disorder are difficult to explain because of the methodological flaw of not being able to separately assess only participants in euthymic phase.

Younger, drunk, and fast: Paradoxical rapid reaction time in hazardous drinkers

“…It has been assumed that hazardous drinking can be considered a precursor stage to developing an AUD, and therefore that many of the impairments observed at the dependent stage would be seen in hazardous drinkers, albeit to a lesser extent ( Lees et al, 2019 ). However, the current results challenge this assumption, and are more consistent with other studies showing faster RT in hazardous drinkers ( Bø et al, 2016 ; Hartley et al, 2004 ; Kashfi et al, 2017 ; Lees et al, 2019 ; Mazumder et al, 2021 ; Townshend and Duka, 2005 ; Zanjani et al, 2013 ), and those that show no relationship ( Affan et al, 2018 ; Cohen-Gilbert et al, 2017 ; Hogenkamp et al, 2014 ; Nguyen et al, 2013 ; Rodgers et al, 2005 ; Winward et al, 2014a , 2014b ; Woods et al, 2016 ). This finding is of interest and suggests that perhaps hazardous drinkers require less time to make a choice in a choice RT task than non-hazardous drinkers (as proposed by Townshend and Duka, 2005 ).…”