Reaction synthesis of Fe–(Ti,V)C composites

Microstructure evolutions of graded high-vanadium tool steel composite coating in-situ fabricated via atmospheric plasma beam alloying

“…Fig. 4c displays the spherical dispersed particles are V-rich phases (colored in blue), partly doped with Ti (colored in red), elucidating that the fine VC-TiC crystals tend to grow together to form double carbide [8,26]. This is because both VC and TiC carbides share a NaCl-type face centered cubic (FCC) structure with a small crystal lattice mismatch (a VC ¼0.417 nm, a TiC ¼ 0.432 nm) and thus have good mutual compatibility [8,18,36].…”

The Effect of Nickel on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Properties of Niobium–Vanadium Microalloyed Powder Metallurgy Steels

“…In the literature, powder metallurgy (PM) is defined as a method of producing small, functional, incompatible, difficult-to-manufacture parts such as composite structures, with high strength and minimum tolerance, in a more advantageous and economical way compared to other production methods. Therefore, many industrial components such as automotive, defense, health and energy sectors are produced by PM [3][4][5].…”

Hard-yet-tough high-vanadium high-speed steel composite coating in-situ alloyed on ductile iron by atmospheric plasma arc

“…4a), elucidating that the fine VC-TiC crystals tend to grow together to form double carbide [13]. This is because VC and TiC carbides share a NaCl-type face centred cubic (FCC) structure with a small crystal lattice mismatch (a VC =0.417 nm, a TiC =0.432 nm) and thus have good mutual compatibility [14][15][16]. Wang et al [14] reported that VC-TiC system fulfils the Hume-Rothery condition, which means that metallic atoms can be substituted or moved without impairing the FCC structure stability such that they can randomly distribute inside the solid solution.…”

“…This is because VC and TiC carbides share a NaCl-type face centred cubic (FCC) structure with a small crystal lattice mismatch (a VC =0.417 nm, a TiC =0.432 nm) and thus have good mutual compatibility [14][15][16]. Wang et al [14] reported that VC-TiC system fulfils the Hume-Rothery condition, which means that metallic atoms can be substituted or moved without impairing the FCC structure stability such that they can randomly distribute inside the solid solution. Still, it is important to highlight that VC has superior wetting ability to iron than TiC, which renders it more easily being engulfed by the liquid-solid interface front and then dispersed homogeneously in the alloy matrix.…”