“…1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-αβ-D-glucose (PGG) was synthesized according to Ren et al [18] and its identity and purity was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. 1 H NMR (600.13 MHz, methanol-d 4 ) δ: 7.21, 7.11, 7.11, 7.05, 6.99, 6.98, 6.95,6.93, 6.92, 6.90 (10 × s, 20 H, galloyl), 6.70 (d, 1H, J 1,2 = 3.5 Hz, H-1α), 6.24 (d, 1H, J 1,2 = 8.3 Hz, H-1β), 6.13 (dd, 1H, J 3,4 = 9.9 Hz, H-3α), 5.90 (dd, 1H, J 3,4 = 9.9 Hz, H-3β), 5.71 (dd, 1H, J A reaction mixture of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-lyxose [36], (1 g; 5.3 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (0.8 g) methanol (15 mL), and 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (15 mL; 147 mmol) was refluxed in argon atmosphere at 85 • C for 40 h. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 10% aq sulphuric acid and evaporated. Extraction with chloroform (4 × 30 mL) gave a combined fraction that was dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 and concentrated.…”