Reaction routes for the formation of a Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber material from homogenous ethanol-based solution

Sun, Yuxiu; Zheng, Hang; Li, Xiaochen; Zong, Kai; Wang, Hao; Liu, Jingbing; Yan, Hui; Li, Kunwei

doi:10.1039/c3ra42746c

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The fast dissolution process of reactants indicates the excess TAA can coordinate with In 3+ completely and form indium-TAA complexes rapidly, which greatly promote the dissolution of InCl 3 $4H 2 O and avoid hydrolysis and precipitation of In 3+ . 13,42,43 This ensures a homogeneous environment during the reaction procedure, and makes the reaction carry out in a very low rate to obtain nanocrystals with perfect crystal structure and morphology. Indeed, In 3+ can form two different complexes with TAA as the tetrahedral [In(TAA) 4 ] 3+ and the octahedral [In(TAA) 6 ] 3+ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In₂S₃ microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

et al. 2014

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Three-dimension (3D) flowerlike b-In 2 S 3 microspheres have been successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method using thioacetamide (TAA, CH 3 CSNH 2 ) as both a sulfur source and ligand of In 3+ in the ethanol-water system. The morphologies of In 2 S 3 can be controlled by simply changing the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the solvent. The experimental results demonstrate that 3D flowerlike b-In 2 S 3 microspheres undergo surface recrystallization, selective absorption and oriented growth processes. A detailed morphology formation mechanism has been proposed and discussed. Furthermore, the 3D flowerlike b-In 2 S 3 microspheres show relatively high visible-light photocatalytic activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation, which can be attributed to both the relative higher BET surface area and advantageous optical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In₂S₃ microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

et al. 2014

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“…These absorption bands can be attributed to the [CuCl 4 ] 2− complex. 25,26 Because light is absorbed in the blue spectral region, this absorption band is responsible for the typical yellow color of [CuCl 4 ] 2− solutions. With increasing time of stirring, the peak at 386 nm decreases in intensity and the main peak at 275 nm shifts to blue, a color change which occurred when Cu 2+ combined with a stronger ligand, thus causing a larger orbit splitting energy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Reline for Ga-Controllable CIGS Solar Cell in One-Step Electrodeposition

Zhang

Han

Cheng³

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A deep eutectic solvent (DES) called Reline has attracted great interests in photovoltaic application. Many efforts have been made to get high efficiency solar cells by electrodeposition in such a low-cost and green electrolyte. In this work, the micro-structure and electrochemical properties of Reline are investigated. The metal complex system of Reline and metal salts is deduced by FTIR and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy analyses. The theoretical diffusion coefficients of Cu, In and Ga at 65 • C are calculated by Cyclic voltammetry analysis to perform a controllable Ga/(In+Ga) ratio over a large range (0 ∼ 0.53) by different pulse potentiostatic methods. Based on these achievements and optimizations, the best CIGS solar cell device with a promising efficiency of 10.1% is achieved. Solar energy has received increasing interests as an alternative to other sources of energy such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy. [1][2][3][4][5][6] One of the most promising solar cells is based on the polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) fabricated by using vacuum based process whose conversion efficiency is up to 21.7%. 7 Although vacuum techniques seem to be an excellent method for fabricating high efficiency CIGS solar cells, it is challenging to scale up the process for commercial production. While sputtering and evaporation technique could be used for large-area deposition, however, the production process is limited by expensive vacuum equipment as well as large energy consumption. [8][9][10][11] For low-cost fabrication of semiconductor thin films, electrodeposition has been proved to be a viable approach for large scale manufacturing of CIGS.10-13 However, most of the works are carried out in aqueous solvents, in which hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) leads to low plating efficiencies and pinholes in the plating layer.14,15 To avoid the occurrence of HER, researchers in recent years have turned to deep eutectic solvents (DES) as an electrolyte for electrochemical reactions due to their wide electrochemical window, high ionic conductivity, high solvation capacity, negligible vapor pressure and excellent stability. [16][17][18][19][20] Besides, DES, as a subclass of ionic liquids (ILs), is a green electrolyte for application in electroplating. [14][15][16][21][22][23] Reline, as one application of DES, is formed by choline chloride and urea at the ratio of 1:2. Harati et al. fabricated successfully stoichiometric CIGS thin film by the one-pot electrodeposition in Reline as electrolyte.21 Malaquias et al. used Reline to deposit In-Ga on Cu and Mo electrodes and finally obtained solar cell with a 7.9% efficiency. 15 Chen at al reported a 3.87% CZTS solar cell efficiency by co-electrodepositing Cu-Zn-Sn precursor thin films in Reline. 24 Although these studies show the viability of Reline as a green electrolyte, its micro-structure and electrochemical properties are rarely reported and the formed metal complexes in Reline are also needed further investigation. Meanwhile DES is cheap and easy to synthesize and has wide applica...

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“…Obviously, these peaks were not observed in pristine PAN NFs. The peaks related with nitrogen such as C―N stretching, N―H stretching, and C ≡ N peaks appeared at 1454, 1651, and 2243 cm −1 , respectively . These peaks either decreased or disappeared as the calcination temperature increased to 800°C as shown Figure B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Investigation of physicochemical properties of CuSn‐based PAN nanofibers prepared via electrospinning method

Choi

Park

Kang

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Copper-tin (CuSn) nanomaterials have been receiving substantial attention due to their excellent thermal, electrical, and optical properties. However, how such properties are affected based on heat treatment temperature and chemical composition of copper and tin is still not very well understood. In this paper, CuSn nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning a precursor solution of polyacrylonitrile, copper, and tin. Calcination temperatures were selected using thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results. Analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the CuSn nanofibers. SEM images and EDS revealed the formation of pores on the nanofibers and high concentrations of tin were in the core, while copper was located on the surface. XRD results confirmed the monoclinic phase of Cu 6 Sn 5 for the CuSn nanofibers because peaks for diffraction angles at 27.6°, 53.4°, and 60.0°were observed. XPS results showed that Cu-C and Sn-C bonds occur at binding energies around 932 and 484 eV, respectively. The work function of the CuSn NF heat treated at 150°C was calculated from the UPS spectra, and the value was 4.19 eV.

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Reaction routes for the formation of a Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber material from homogenous ethanol-based solution

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In₂S₃ microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In₂S₃ microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

Insights into the Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Reline for Ga-Controllable CIGS Solar Cell in One-Step Electrodeposition

Investigation of physicochemical properties of CuSn‐based PAN nanofibers prepared via electrospinning method

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Reaction routes for the formation of a Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber material from homogenous ethanol-based solution

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In2S3 microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In2S3 microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

Insights into the Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Reline for Ga-Controllable CIGS Solar Cell in One-Step Electrodeposition

Investigation of physicochemical properties of CuSn‐based PAN nanofibers prepared via electrospinning method

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Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In₂S₃ microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance

Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In₂S₃ microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance