Reaction Rate of Hydrothermal Ammonia Production from Chicken Manure

Abstract

Ammonia is an important fertilizer feedstock and an expected next-generation hydrogen carrier. Thus, it is necessary to ensure effective production of ammonia from the waste biomass. In this regard, chicken manure was treated in an autoclave under hydrothermal reaction conditions, and the ammonia release rate was determined in the temperature range of 250–400 °C for holding times ranging from 2 to 120 min. A reaction network for ammonia production was proposed, and the reaction rate constants were determined. A nitrogen yield as high as 0.8 was obtained, corresponding to a hydrogen potential of 88.1 billion m 3 /year from chicken manure. Consequently, chicken manure was identified as a potentially favorable feedstock for ammonium production.

Direct and Two-Stage Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chicken Manure: Impact of Reaction Parameters on Biocrude Oil Upgradation

“…Figure A represents N rec in different phases from the HTL of chicken manure. From the figure, it becomes evident that most of the N was dispersed into AP typically in the ammonium or organic-N form . Such N distribution can be supported by a previous study by Lu et al, where most of the N was partitioned into AP (∼45% N rec ) followed by oil (∼22% N rec ) and gas phase (∼18% N rec ), with hydrochar having least N rec .…”

“…From the figure, it becomes evident that most of the N was dispersed into AP typically in the ammonium or organic-N form. 59 Such N distribution can be supported by a previous study by Lu et al, 15 where most of the N was partitioned into AP (∼45% N rec ) followed by oil (∼22% N rec ) and gas phase (∼18% N rec ), with hydrochar having least N rec . In addition, Ekpo et al also found similar results where almost 50% N rec was observed in the AP from HTL (at 250 and 350 °C) of chicken manure at 60 min reaction time.…”

The economic potential of enhanced method of anaerobic fermentation with green ammonia production for European energy market

“…It is important to note that such technologies have high potential because, for example, the technology can, for the first time, ensure the production of ammonia cheaper than when using the Haber-Bosch process. In addition to anaerobic fermentation, there were other methods of obtaining ammonia from livestock waste, for example, using Escherichia coli [15] or using a hydrothermal approach [16]. However, they probably use not fewer resources than the traditional ammonia production approach.…”