Reaction process of monazite and bastnaesite mixed rare earth minerals calcined by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2

Wu, Wenyuan; Bian, Xue; Wu, Zhengyan; Sun, Shuliang; Tu, Ganfeng

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(07)60189-7

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, the decomposition efficiency is very low. To improve the decomposition efficiency, low-melting-point salts like NaCl and CaCl 2 are usually added to the system for accelerating the mass transfer process by supplying a liquid phase to the system [97][98][99][100]. For the mixed rare earth minerals (bastnaesite and monazite), first bastnaesite decomposes at 425-560 C as follows:…”

Section: Calcium Oxide Sodium Chloride Calcium Chloride Roastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Occurrence and Promising Recovery Methods of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal By-Products

Zhang

Rezaee

Bhagavatula

et al. 2015

International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization

154

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Previous research indicates that coal and coal by-products are a potential source of critical elements including rare earth elements (REE) with estimated amounts in the range of 50 million metric tons. Despite the proven presence of elevated REE concentrations, commercial extraction and recovery have not been realized. This article provides a review of the abundance, mode of occurrence, and recovery methods of rare earth elements in coal and coal by-products. The feasibility of using established REE extraction and recovery technologies is discussed along with issues associated with their use with coal resources.

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Section: Calcium Oxide Sodium Chloride Calcium Chloride Roastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through thermodynamic calculation, the standard Gibbs free energy change of Reaction 18 at 470 C is À2.718 kJ=mol indicating that Reaction 18 occurs spontaneously [98].…”

Section: Calcium Oxide Sodium Chloride Calcium Chloride Roastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Occurrence and Promising Recovery Methods of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal By-Products

Zhang

Rezaee

Bhagavatula

et al. 2015

International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization

154

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“…This demonstrates that iron in silicates is subjected to a transition to hematite and magnetite under the action of NaOH-Ca(OH) 2 -coal. The decomposition reaction of additives to NaFe(SiO 3 ) 2 could be described by equations (18) and (19). The standard Gibbs free energy changes (△G u ) for reactions (18) and (19) are À189.569kJ • mol À1 and À149.084kJ • mol À1 at 650°C, respectively.…”

Section: Reactions Associated With Hematite Under the Action Of Naoh-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shi et al showed that the recovery of REO can reach up to 85% when the rare earth mineral was successively roasted with MgO and NH 4 Cl, followed by water leaching [16,17]. Wu et al achieved a decomposition rate of 90.8% by employing rare earth concentrate with CaO-NaCl-CaCl 2 as decomposition and fluxing agent at 800°C [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of alkaline additives on main minerals in Baotou rare earth tailings in the process of coal-based magnetizing roasting

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2019

Metall. Res. Technol.

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The influence of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 on magnetizing roasting of iron minerals and on the decomposition reactions of rare earth minerals during coal-based magnetizing roasting is explored in the present work. The effect of alkaline additives was determined by means of SEM-EDS and X-ray diffraction methods in NaOH-Ca(OH)2-coal-tailings mixtures under optimal magnetizing roasting conditions (mass ratio of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, coal and tailings equal to 2.5: 4.5: 2.5: 100, roasting at 650 °C for 2.5 h). Although NaOH results in an adverse impact on magnetizing roasting of hematite, iron in silicate minerals could be released by NaOH-Ca(OH)2 additive as a form of hematite, which is further reduced to ferromagnetic magnetite. Moreover, the reduction ability of gas is improved in presence of coal and water from decomposition reaction of Ca(OH)2. Regarding the decomposition of bastanasite, no evident effect of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 is observed. The roasted products of pristine bastnasite particles are mainly composed of rare earth oxides (REO) with little fluorine, independent on the use of alkaline additives. No high purity REO were determined in the monazite particle by SEM-EDS, which is mainly decomposed into REO and REFeO3.

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“…Effect of calcination temperature. The bastnaesite decomposes in the range of 425-560 C. 27 It is necessary to control the appropriate reaction temperature. The effect of calcination temperature was examined as shown in Fig.…”

Section: 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of fluorine and rare earths from bastnaesite calcined with aluminum hydroxide and the recovery of fluorine as cryolite

Xue

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Reaction process of monazite and bastnaesite mixed rare earth minerals calcined by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

A Review of the Occurrence and Promising Recovery Methods of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal By-Products

A Review of the Occurrence and Promising Recovery Methods of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal By-Products

Influence of alkaline additives on main minerals in Baotou rare earth tailings in the process of coal-based magnetizing roasting

Leaching of fluorine and rare earths from bastnaesite calcined with aluminum hydroxide and the recovery of fluorine as cryolite

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