Reaction of some of Afghanistans wheat varieties to yellow rust under natural conditions

Abstract

Afghanistan grows wheat at about 2.5 million ha, about 45% of which is irrigated. The country is not wheat sufficient and has been importing to meet domestic needs. Yellow rust is the most important disease of wheat in Afghanistan. Country has been able to manage wheat rusts mainly by having a survey surveillance system in place and by releasing resistant varieties. A total of 30 wheat varieties released during last two decades were screened for rust resistance under natural epiphytotic conditions. The rust reaction observed on two dates at one week interval revealed very fast increase in yellow rust infection. A large number of varieties e.g., Gul-96, Pamir-94, Ghori-96, HD2285 etc., were found to have very high yellow rust scores warranting their removal from seed chain.

Two new wheat varieties for irrigated conditions of Afghanistan

“…Frequent detection of new virulent races of rust reduces availability of resistant varieties (Zamarai et al, 2013). Afghan wheat acreage of about 2.5 million hectares requires close to 300,000 tonne of seed.…”

“…CIMMYT, ARIA and other stake holders have successfully released about 34 new wheat varieties in the country before 2000. Introducing new germplasm and identifying new adapted varieties is a continuous activity since new races/pathotypes of diseases continually evolve rendering popular varieties susceptible (Zamarai et al, 2013). Yellow rust has been and is the major wheat disease of Afghanistan rendering varieties susceptible quite frequently.…”