Reaction of Soils: Facts and Fallacies

Wilde, S. A.

doi:10.2307/1931409

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The higher pH in the deeper soil that became the surface soil of the mesocosms did not seem to affect the plant germination probably because it still remained within the pH range appropriate for basophilous plants (i.e. 7.5 to 9; Wilde, 1954). Upper soil layers of former agricultural lands contain high levels of nutrient favoring most of the ruderal species of the seed bank, and increasing competition (Marrs, 2002).…”

Section: > Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary wetland restoration after rice cultivation: is soil transfer required for aquatic plant colonization?

Muller

Buisson

Mouronval

et al. 2013

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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Key-words:former ricefield, restoration, spontaneous colonization, soil transfer, temporary wetland Mediterranean temporary wetlands have considerably declined in recent decades. Today, opportunities arise for the restoration of these wetlands due to land-use changes, such as the abandonment of cultivation. One critical question is whether communities, such as those observed in natural temporary wetlands, can develop alone or if active restoration should be implemented. In a series of experimental mesocosms, we transferred soil from several temporary wetlands chosen as a set of reference ecosystems. Four months after soil transfer, vegetation in transfer mesocosms was compared to that derived from spontaneous colonization (control mesocoms). Transfer mesocosms are colonized by all target hydrophyte species transferred with the soil and the resulting communities are similar to those of reference ecosystems. They also have fewer non-target species than the control mesocosms. Even though the study period was not sufficient to draw any definitive conclusion regarding the utility of forced dispersion by soil transfer, the preliminary results are promising for an application on a larger scale. RÉSUMÉRestauration d'un milieu humide temporaire après culture du riz : le transfert de sol est-il nécessaire à la recolonisation des plantes aquatiques ? Mots-clés :anciennes rizières, restauration, colonisation spontanée, transfert de sol, zone humide Les marais temporaires méditerranéens ont vu leur superficie se réduire considé-rablement au cours des dernières décennies. Aujourd'hui, des opportunités apparaissent pour la restauration de ces zones humides, en particulier à partir d'espaces agricoles abandonnés. L'une des questions majeures est alors de savoir si les communautés telles que l'on peut les observer dans les marais temporaires naturels peuvent se développer seules ou si une restauration active doit être mise en place. Dans un ensemble de mésocosmes expérimentaux, nous avons transféré du sol provenant de plusieurs marais temporaires choisis comme un ensemble d'écosystèmes de référence. Quatre mois après le transfert de sol, la végétation des mésocosmes transférés a été comparée à celle issue uniquement de la colonisation spontanée (témoins). Les mésocosmes ayant subi un transfert de sol sont colonisés par la totalité des hydrophytes cibles transférées par le sol et présentent des communautés similaires à celles des écosystèmes de référence. Ils présentent d'autre part moins d'espèces jugées indésirables que les mésocosmes témoins. Même si la durée de l'étude ne nous permet pas de conclure définitivement sur la nécessité d'opérer un forçage de dispersion par transfert de sol, ces résultats préliminaires sont prometteurs pour une application à plus large échelle.

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Section: > Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary wetland restoration after rice cultivation: is soil transfer required for aquatic plant colonization?

Muller

Buisson

Mouronval

et al. 2013

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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“…Regional differences in realized soil pH niche optimum and width (‘niche shifts’) within vascular plants have been reported in many classic studies (Schimper , Tansley , Wilde , Bamberg and Major , Komárková ). Few of these observations have however been subjected to rigorous hypothesis testing, and many have substituted broad parent material types for actual measurements.…”

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confidence: 74%

“…2) A second explanation, the ‘compensation for climate hypothesis’, predicts that throughout its geographic range, a plant shifts its habitat in order to compensate for changes in macroclimate, particularly in precipitation (Walter and Walter , Wilde ). According to this hypothesis, we would expect dry grassland plant species to shift their niche optimum to high pH soils in response to increasing precipitation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this hypothesis, we would expect dry grassland plant species to shift their niche optimum to high pH soils in response to increasing precipitation. After all, calcareous bedrock is associated with soils that absorb and drain water quickly due to its porosity and high turnover of litter and thus can create warm and xeric micro‐climatic conditions (Salisbury , Wilde , Bamberg and Major , Breckle ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regional differences in soil pH niche among dry grassland plants in Eurasia

Wagner

Chytrý

Zelený

et al. 2016

Oikos

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Soil pH is a key predictor of plant species occurrence owing to its effect on the availability of nutrients and phytotoxic metals. Although regional differences in realized soil pH niche (‘niche shifts’) have been reported since the 19th century, no study has disentangled how they are influenced by spatial differences in substrate availability, macroclimate, and competitors. We linked plot‐level data on species occurrence and measured soil pH from dry grasslands in eight regions across Eurasia (n = 999 plots), spanning a geographic gradient of 6862 km. We calculated regional shifts in niche optimum (Dopt) and width (Dwidth) for 73 Species × Region 1 × Region 2 combinations (SRRs; 38 study species) using extended Huisman–Olff–Fresco models. Next, we used commonality analysis to partition the contribution of substrate availability, precipitation, and species traits indicative of competitive ability to variation in regional niche shifts. Shifts in optimum were rare (5% of SRRs with Dopt ≥ 1 pH units) but many species did not show optima within regions. By contrast, shifts in niche width were common (22% of SRRs with Dwidth ≥1 pH units) and there were pronounced interspecific differences. Whereas none of the three predictors significantly explained shifts in niche optimum, common and unique effects of substrate availability and precipitation accounted for 85% of variation in niche width. Our results suggest that substrate availability and precipitation could be the driving factors behind species regional shifts in niche width. Studies that address additional factors, such as other edaphic niches, and their variability at the regional and micro‐scale will improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying species distributions.

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“…and Wilde (1954) have reviewed the vast amount of work done on soil pH and have shown that a qualitative, rather than quantitative, value must be empirically correlated with observable phenomena to be useful. Soil pH itself is rarely responsible for poor forest growth since, within fairly wide limits, its effects are indirect and vary tremendously from soil to soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of pH Determination and Seasonal pH Fluctuations in Quebec Forest Humus

Vezina¹

1965

Ecology

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Seasonal fluctuations of humus pH of three commonly occurring forest soils in Quebec were assessed to determine which of four different methods was best suited for comparisons of pH among sites. Seasonal variations of 1.1 to 1.3 units were observed on all soil types tested. Humus pH was highest in midsummer and decreased as winter approached. Different pH values were obtained from the same soil at the same time by the different methods used. Reproducibility of pH measurements is briefly discussed.

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Reaction of Soils: Facts and Fallacies

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Temporary wetland restoration after rice cultivation: is soil transfer required for aquatic plant colonization?

Temporary wetland restoration after rice cultivation: is soil transfer required for aquatic plant colonization?

Regional differences in soil pH niche among dry grassland plants in Eurasia

Methods of pH Determination and Seasonal pH Fluctuations in Quebec Forest Humus

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