Reaction Mechanisms in Carbon Dioxide Conversion

Recent Progress and Novel Applications in Enzymatic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

“…These enzymatic conversions of CO 2 and carboxylation reactions derived from catabolic pathways are considered fundamental to science and have inspired in vitro studies and industrial applications. occurring under mild reaction conditions with high yields and selectivity and without any side effect on the environment, the enzymatic conversion of CO2 has comparative benefits [5][6][7]. Interestingly, the enzymatic conversion of CO2 can be applied not only for efficient CO2 utilization [7], but also for assisting CO2 capture [8], the process of capturing waste CO2 from fossil fuel power plant flue gas using absorption or membrane technologies, and CO2 sequestration [9], the capture and long-term storage of atmospheric CO2.…”

“…The enzymatic synthesis of pyruvic acid from acetaldehyde and CO2 using the reverse reaction of Brewer's yeast pyruvate decarboxylase was explored as presented in Scheme 6 [5,86]. The maximum yield of 81% was achieved in 500 mM NaHCO3-Na2CO3 buffer and pH 11.…”

“…To catalyze CO 2 conversion, chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, and enzymatic methods have been employed. In the first three methods, high operating temperature and pressure or additional electric or luminous energy are required, and some selectivity and yield issues accompany these methods [5]. Meanwhile, occurring under mild reaction conditions with high yields and selectivity and without any side effect on the environment, the enzymatic conversion of CO 2 has comparative benefits [5][6][7].…”

Direct Carboxylation of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H Bonds with CO2 by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and Base-Mediated Reactions

“…The L n Co(I)Me complex coordinates, thus, the terminal olefin (11) with subsequent cleavage of the adjacent allylic C-H bond producing a η 3 -allyl-Co specie (12). The authors suggest a key role could be played at this stage by the oxygen donor atom of Xantphos ligand as its coordination to Co would assist the tautomerization of η 3 -allyl-Co to η 1 -allyl-Co complex (Scheme 13b).…”

“…The high thermal and kinetic stability of the CO 2 molecule require for a suitable catalyst and energy input when employed in E-CO 2 bond formation (E = O, N, C) or reduction reactions. Current synthetic options for CO 2 -fixation into useful chemicals encompasses chemical, electro-chemical, photo-chemical, photo-electrochemical and biological approach that have been overviewed in a number of excellent books and comprehensive reviews [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”