Reaction mechanism on the smelting reduction of iron ore by solid carbon

Abstract

The kinetics of the smelting reduction of iron ore by a graphite crucible and carbon-saturated molten iron was investigated between 1400 ЊC and 1550 ЊC, and its reaction phenomena were continuously observed in situ by X-ray fluoroscopy. In the smelting reduction by graphite, it was shown from the observation results that the smelting reduction reaction proceeded by the following two stages: an initial quiet reduction without foaming (stage I) and a following highly active reduction with severe foaming (stage II). At 1500 ЊC, by the graphite crucible, the reduction rate of iron ore was found to be 8.88 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 mol/cm 2 ⅐ s, and by the molten iron, 8.25 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 mol/cm 2 ⅐ s. The activation energies for the reduction by the graphite crucible and the molten iron were 24.1 and 22.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the results of kinetic research and X-ray fluoroscopic observations, it can be concluded that these two types of smelting reduction reactions of iron ore by the graphite crucible and by the molten iron are essentially the same.

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

“…The reduction kinetics of iron ores using different reductant agents (H2, CO, solid carbon, Fe-C melt) was evaluated by Nagasaka et al [29] and several other authors [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. These authors reported that the reduction rates using hydrogen can be one or two orders of magnitude faster than those of redox reactions conducted with C-containing reductants.…”

Effect of Fluence on the Discoloration of Marble Cleaned With UV Lasers

“…The possible reason is that the molten FeO can more easily contact carbon than solid FeO [21]. The weight volume of FeO is proportional to its reduction rate by solid carbon due to the increased interface area between FeO and carbon [22]. Also, CaO even at the low concentration can significantly expedite this reduction reaction [20].…”