Reaction mechanism-based design of efficient VPO catalysts for n-C5H12 oxidation into phthalic, maleic, and citraconic anhydrides

The influence of over-stoichiometry in La2Ni0.9V0.1O4.15+δ on selective oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

“…This separation can be made in time, using either moving bed technology or by switching between exposure to alkane and oxygen, respectively. This is the case of phthalic anhydride production from o-xylene, using VO x /TiO 2 catalyst [12,13] or maleic anhydride production from n-butane over VPO catalyst [14,15] in which double bed technology is required [16]. Alternatively, oxidation and reduction can be separated in space using a dense membrane reactor [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], performing oxidative conversion of the hydrocarbon at one side of the membrane, combined with diffusion of O 2− ions and electrons through the membrane and replenishing oxygen by exposing the other side of the membrane to molecular oxygen.…”