Reaction Kinetics of CFRP Degradation in Supercritical Fluids

Cheng, Huanbo; Huang, Haihong; Liu, Zhifeng; Zhang, Jie

doi:10.1007/s10924-017-1114-2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Early studies show that alcohols under supercritical and subcritical conditions are good solvents for cured epoxy matrices [ 24 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. When carrying out the experiment directly in the solvent, it was found that the destruction of the epoxy matrix was achieved at 250 °C within 10 h exposure ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It became possible to obtain the recovered fiber in this way. The article [ 26 , 30 ] provided the details of the strength of the recovered fibers, which were identical to the primary ones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The undoubted disadvantage of using such supercritical fluids is the complexity of the hardware design of the units. Alcohols with a critical point of about 250 °C and 4.8 MPa and above are widely used to reduce temperatures and pressures of the process [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. It is also known that they are used as co-solvents in a supercritical aqueous medium to reduce the temperature of the critical point of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Epoxy/Fiberglass Composite Using Supercritical Ethanol with (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuCl4] Complex

Protsenko¹,

Protsenko²,

Shakirova³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The widespread use of polymer composite materials (PCM) leads to an increase in non-recyclable waste. This paper discusses the feasibility of recycling fiberglass with an epoxy matrix by solvolysis in ethanol under supercritical conditions. The solvolysis process completes successfully within four hours in an environment of a pure solvent containing 10% water at a temperature of 280 °C when the solvent passes into the supercritical state. The treatment time increases up to 10 h at a process temperature of 250 °C. When using a coordination compound of copper(II) chloride with organic chloride salt having 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium as the counterion, having the composition of (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuCl4], the treatment time is reduced. The addition of the complex of 5% by weight makes it possible to completely remove the epoxy matrix at a temperature of 250 °C for two hours. The products separated from the solvolysis liquid were studied by infrared spectroscopy. The resulting fibers were examined by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The residual strength of the recovered fibers is 98%. Thus, the resulting fibers can be reused in the composite industry. Including both for the production of decorative products and for the production of structural products made of polymer composite materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Epoxy/Fiberglass Composite Using Supercritical Ethanol with (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuCl4] Complex

Protsenko¹,

Protsenko²,

Shakirova³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Supercritical technology to degrade plastics is attracting the attention of researchers [ 25 , 26 ]. Cheng et al [ 27 ] studied the degradation behavior of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) in supercritical alcohols and acetone, and developed a kinetic model for the degradation reaction rate. Different supercritical fluids showed the reaction rate constants for CFRP degradation in the following order: k n-butanol > k acetone > k ethanol > k n-propanol > k isopropanol > k methanol .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Base- or acid-assisted polystyrene plastic degradation in supercritical CO2

Liu

Shi

Mao

et al. 2023

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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Plastic has caused serious "white pollution" to the environment, and the highly inert characteristics of plastic bring a major challenge for degradation. Supercritical fluids have unique physical properties and have been widely used in various fields. In this work, supercritical CO 2 (Sc-CO 2 ) with mild conditions was selected and assisted by NaOH/HCl solution to degrade polystyrene (PS) plastic, and the reaction model was designed using response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that, regardless of the types of assistance solutions, the factors affecting PS degradation efficiencies were reaction temperature, reaction time, and NaOH/HCl concentration. At the temperature of 400 °C, time of 120 min, and base/acid concentration of 5% (in weight), 0.15 g PS produced 126.88/116.99±5 mL of gases with 74.18/62.78±5 mL of H 2 , and consumed 81.2/71.5±5 mL of CO 2 . Sc-CO 2 created a homogeneous environment, which made PS highly dispersed and uniformly heated, thus promoting the degradation of PS. Moreover, Sc-CO 2 also reacted with the degradation products to produce new CO and more CH 4 and C 2 H x ( x =4, 6). Adding NaOH/HCl solution not only improved the solubility of PS in Sc-CO 2 , but also provided a base/acid environment that reduced the activation energy of the reaction, and effectively improved the degradation efficiencies of PS. In short, degrading PS in Sc-CO 2 is feasible, and better results are obtained with the assistance of base/acid solution, which can provide a reference for the disposal of waste plastics in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42768-023-00139-1.

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“…A chemical method often used is decomposition under supercritical conditions. Commonly applied fluids are n-propanol [5,6], n-butanol [6,7], water [8], or mixtures of water and acetone [9]. However, these processes require high temperatures (300-400°C) and high pressures (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) to attain the supercritical state of the solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Mild Conditions

Schamel

Wehnert

Schlachter

et al. 2021

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The increased use of carbon fiber reinforced thermosets generates more waste and end-of-life products. However, an efficient recycling method for the expensive carbon fibers has not yet been developed. The selective decomposition of aminecured epoxy resin under mild conditions is presented. A two-step method was investigated to decompose the epoxy resin. The optimum parameters were initially determined using a model compound. By analysis of the reaction products, a cleavage of the C-N bond according to the Cope elimination could be proven. Therefore, the Cope elimination is suggested as the main step of the decomposition of amine-cured epoxy resins in presence of hydrogen peroxide. By dissolving the resin, it is possible to recover resin-free fibers with unimpaired mechanical properties.

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Reaction Kinetics of CFRP Degradation in Supercritical Fluids

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Recycling of Epoxy/Fiberglass Composite Using Supercritical Ethanol with (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuCl4] Complex

Recycling of Epoxy/Fiberglass Composite Using Supercritical Ethanol with (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuCl4] Complex

Base- or acid-assisted polystyrene plastic degradation in supercritical CO2

Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Mild Conditions

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