Reaction-induced phase separation in modified thermosetting polymers

Williams, Roberto J. J.; Розенберг, Б. А.; Pascault, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1007/3-540-61218-1_7

Cited by 356 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…A plausible reason for the macro-phase separation of the DGEBA/BCP70-3 blends would be in the poor ability of the low molecular-weight BCP to stabilize the nanostructure. The phase sizes in Figures 5a and 6a were similar to those of the epoxy blends which were formed by the reaction-induced phase separation [12][13][14]. This suggests that the PMMA blocks in the low molecular-weight BCP were separated from the epoxy matrices in the curing process.…”

Section: Ultra Small-angle X-ray Scattering (Usaxs)mentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The phase separation occurs during the reaction process from the initial homogeneous mixture of the epoxy/thermoplastic blends [12,13]. The driving force of the 'reaction-induced phase separation' is the elevated free energy of the mixture by the increase in the molecular weight via the reaction of epoxies and curing agents [12][13][14]. The phase sizes of the 'reaction-induced phase separation' were often from sub-micrometers to tens of micrometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

Kishi¹,

Kunimitsu²,

Nakashima³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Stability of nanostructures of epoxy/acrylic triblock copolymer blends was studied. PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers (acrylic BCPs) having several compositions on the ratio of the block chains and the molecular weight were initially prepared and were blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy thermosets. The blends were cured using phenol novolac with tri phenyl phosphine (TPP) as the catalyst. Several nanostructures, such as spheres, cylinders, curved lamellae, were observed in the cured blends. The nanostructures were controlled by the molecular weight of the immiscible PnBA-block chain and the ratio of the PnBA in the blends. Moreover, the effect of the gel time to the nanostructures was examined by altering the trace amount of the TPP in the blends. The types of the nanostructures were almost kept irrespective of the gel time of the blends when the composition of the blends was maintained. This suggested the stability of the nanostructures of the epoxy/acrylic BCP blends made via the self-assembly mechanism, therefore a phase diagram of the cured blends was proposed.

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Section: Ultra Small-angle X-ray Scattering (Usaxs)mentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

Kishi¹,

Kunimitsu²,

Nakashima³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Poor adhesion will render the TP phase premature de-bonding before expected deformations occur, while over strong adhesion between TS and TP interface will restrain the extent of ductile deformation undergone by TP phase because of the excessive constraint brought by TS phase. This constraint would limit the amount of material which could be involved in the bridging and deformation process (Williams, 1997;Girard-Reydet et al 1997;. Therefore the modifier TP must be chose in such a way that optimal affinity between TP and TS components is ascertained properly whereby CIPS can occur freely while cracking and/or delaminating can be restraint.…”

Section: Multi-scale Design Of the Ideal Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Thermoplastic/Thermosetting Composites Microstructure and Processing Design Based on Phase Separation

Xu¹,

Zhang²

2012

Thermoplastic - Composite Materials

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“…One of the most successful modification methods for thermosets is the incorporation of second rubbery phase that separates from the matrix during curing, leading to different morphologies [16][17][18][19]. The advantage of rubber toughening in thermosets is that fracture toughness can be improved dramatically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic properties and morphology of dicyanate ester/epoxy co-polymers modified with polysiloxane and butadiene–acrylonitrile rubbers

Szeluga

Moryc

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Dynamic mechanical analysis was conducted on specimens prepared from cyanate ester (CE) and epoxy (EP) resins cured together at various mass compositions. Increase of amount of epoxy resin in composition was shown to have a disadvantageous effect on glass transition temperature (T g ). It was shown that post-curing procedure was needed to produce a polymer matrix with a single glass transition relaxation, but increase in post-cure temperature up to 250°C resulted in slight reduction in T g for epoxy/ cyanate copolymers. TG results proved that the presence of epoxy resin reduces thermal stability of the cyanate/epoxy materials. The neat CE and EP/CE systems containing 30 wt% of epoxy resin were modified using epoxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) and polysiloxane core-shell elastomer (PS). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed the existence of second phase of ETBN and PS modifiers. Only in the case of EP/ CE composition modified with ETBN, well-dispersed second phase domains were observed. Analysis of SEM images for other CE-and EP/CE-modified systems revealed the formation of spherical aggregates.

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Reaction-induced phase separation in modified thermosetting polymers

Cited by 356 publications

References 103 publications

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

High Performance Thermoplastic/Thermosetting Composites Microstructure and Processing Design Based on Phase Separation

Viscoelastic properties and morphology of dicyanate ester/epoxy co-polymers modified with polysiloxane and butadiene–acrylonitrile rubbers

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