Reaction-induced phase separation in benzoxazine/bismaleimide/imidazole blend: Effects of different chemical structures on phase morphology

Wang, Zhi; Li, Li; Fu, Yizheng; Yu, Miao; Gu, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.046

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, the impact strength of imidazole-containing cured BTI113 (imidazole content is 3 wt%) is 15% higher than that of BT11, reaching 20.3 kJ•m -2 . Wang et al [78] further studied the molecular structure influence on phase-separated structures. The results show that the phase separation of phenol-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane based benzoxazine (Pddm)/TBMI/imidazole blend is easier than that of BAa/TBMI/imidazole, which caused by the different Flory-Huggins parameters and viscosity of different molecular.…”

Section: Thermoset Resin Modified Polybenzoxazinementioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Toughening Modification of Polybenzoxazine

Zhao¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Eng. Sci.

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Benzoxazine is a new kind of phenolic resin developed in recent years. It possesses a lot of interesting properties including flexible molecular design, nearly zero curing shrinkage and corresponding polybenzoxazine shows excellent mechanical and heat resistance properties. However, like other thermosetting resins, polybenzoxazine also faces the disadvantages of high brittleness and low impact strength during use. This paper briefly summaries the research progress of the toughening modification of polybenzoxazine, including rubber elastomer, inorganic particles, thermoplastic engineering plastic, other thermosetting resin, hyperbranched polymer and benzoxazine molecular design modification. Furthermore, the development direction of the toughening modification of polybenzoxazine has prospected.

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Section: Thermoset Resin Modified Polybenzoxazinementioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Toughening Modification of Polybenzoxazine

Zhao¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Eng. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…Li investigated the phase separation of benzoxazine (BOZ)/cyanate blends and obtained “sea-island” structures in situ by adjusting the chemical structure of BOZ resin and the molar ratio [ 27 ]. Wang prepared bi-continuous phase structures in BOZ/maleimide blends under the catalysis of imidazole (IMZ) and found that the viscosity (fluidity) of blends plays an important role in determining phase separation and phase morphology [ 28 , 29 ]. Zhang fabricated sea-island structures in BOZ/epoxy (ER) blends by varying the alkyl chain length of hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquids catalyst [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends

et al. 2021

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Introducing multiphase structures into benzoxazine (BOZ)/epoxy resins (ER) blends via reaction-induced phase separation has proved to be promising strategy for improving their toughness. However, due to the limited contrast between two phases, little information is known about the phase morphological evolutions, a fundamental but vital issue to rational design and preparation of blends with different phase morphologies in a controllable manner. Here we addressed this problem by amplifying the difference of polymerization activity (PA) between BOZ and ER by synthesizing a low reactive phenol-3,3-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane based benzoxazine (MOEA-BOZ) monomer. Results indicated that the PA of ER was higher than that of BOZ. The use of less reactive MOEA-BOZs significantly enlarged their PA difference with ER, and thus increased the extent of phase separation and improved the phase contrast. Phase morphologies varied with the content of ER. As for the phase morphological evolution, a rapid phase separation could occur in the initial homogeneous blends with the polymerization of ER, and the phase morphology gradually evolved with the increase in ER conversion until the ER was used up. The polymerization of ER is not only the driving-force for the phase separation, but also the main factor influencing the phase morphologies.

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“…However, the previous studies demonstrate that during the curing reaction process of polymer blends, enhancing the thermodynamic difference is a promising strategy for the formation of the phase separation structure. [16][17][18] For example, increasing the imidazole (MZ) content can enhance the reactivity difference between benzoxazine (BZ) and epoxy resin (EP) and induce the phase separations in the BZ/EP blends. [4] A long-chain alkyl group on the benzene ring significantly enhances the thermodynamic differences between cardanol-based benzoxazine and bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy), which leads to the sea-island phase separations in the blends.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] Studies show that process parameters including the viscosity, molecular weight, and curing rate should be carefully controlled during polymerization process for thermodynamic difference of thermosetting blends. [4,[15][16][17][18][19]20] As we know, the interface reaction between oil phase and water phases can be easily designed to fabricate the membrane that can control the diffusion of molecules. [22,23] Inspired by the mechanism, if the interface reaction technique can be used in compatible thermosetting/thermosetting resin systems to prepare the membrane for the diffusion limitation of the molecules, the mutual entanglement between the two thermosetting components should be reduced, thus inducing the phase separation structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface reaction‐induced separated phase structure in compatible epoxy thermosetting blending for unexpected mechanical properties and multi‐thermosensitive devices

et al. 2021

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Unlike the traditional reaction-induced phase separation mechanism in incompatible polymer blending and the rigorous thermodynamic differenceinduced phase separation in compatible polymer blending, a new strategy for inducing separated phase in compatible thermosetting blending systems before cure was developed. Phase-separated structure in the blending of thermosetting epoxy/glutaric anhydride (GA)/zinc (II) acetylacetonate (ZAA) system (EP1) and epoxy/polyether amine (D230)/butylglycidyl ether (BGE) system (EP2) was constructed by in situ interface reaction between EP1 and EP2. High concentration ZAA gave rise to high viscosity of EP1 that brought large EP2 droplets in EP1/EP2 systems. The phase-separated structure was easily controlled by the formation of the polymer wall interface between EP1 and EP2.The synergistic effects of the barrier of wall interface and low diffusion behavior of high viscosity of EP1 could lead to the high conversion of epoxy groups in EP1/EP2, low levels of GA/D230 consumptions, and significant phase structure in EP1/EP2, which endowed the resulting EP1/EP2 with excellent mechanical property and good thermal property. The flexural strength, the impact strength and tensile strength of EP1/EP2 with large separated-phase reached 119 MPa, 28 kJ/m 2 , and 73 MPa, respectively, which were 34%, 12%, and 16% higher than that of high performance EP1 system. The resulting EP1/EP2 systems also showed good triple-shape memory effect owing to the phase-separated structure. It was significant for EP1/EP2 system to be used as multithermosensitive devices for fire early warning and monitoring detector, and high-security anticounterfeiting application.

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Reaction-induced phase separation in benzoxazine/bismaleimide/imidazole blend: Effects of different chemical structures on phase morphology

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Research Progress in Toughening Modification of Polybenzoxazine

Research Progress in Toughening Modification of Polybenzoxazine

Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends

Interface reaction‐induced separated phase structure in compatible epoxy thermosetting blending for unexpected mechanical properties and multi‐thermosensitive devices

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