Reaching the Ball or Missing the Flight? Collective Dispersal in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae

Clotuche, Gwendoline; Navajas, María; Mailleux, Anne-Catherine; Hance, Thierry

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077573

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It can be described as any dispersal process where 2 immigrants in the same population have a higher than random chance of having originated from the same natal population. This type of dispersal may arise from individual dispersal strategies (e.g., spider mites form collective balls of individuals in order to promote dispersal by wind; Clotuche et al 2013 ) or it may be a consequence of the environment constraining individuals to disperse in groups (e.g., dispersal by ocean currents Siegel et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Chaotic Genetic Patchiness: Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

et al. 2016

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Chaotic genetic patchiness (CGP) refers to surprising patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure observed in some marine species at a scale where genetic variation should be efficiently homogenized by gene flow via larval dispersal. Here we review and discuss 4 mechanisms that could generate such unexpected patterns: selection, sweepstakes reproductive success, collective dispersal, and temporal shifts in local population dynamics. First, we review examples where genetic differentiation at specific loci was driven by diversifying selection, which was historically the first process invoked to explain CGP. Second, we turn to neutral demographic processes that may drive genome-wide effects, and whose effects on CGP may be enhanced when they act together. We discuss how sweepstakes reproductive success accelerates genetic drift and can thus generate genetic structure, provided that gene flow is not too strong. Collective dispersal is another mechanism whereby genetic structure can be maintained regardless of dispersal intensity, because it may prevent larval cohorts from becoming entirely mixed. Theoretical analyses of both the sweepstakes and the collective dispersal ideas are presented. Finally, we discuss an idea that has received less attention than the other ones just mentioned, namely temporal shifts in local population dynamics.

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Section: Chaotic Genetic Patchiness: Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

et al. 2016

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“…Additionally, spiders can choose the time of ballooning based on wind conditions 11 and cloud cover 12 . Pre-dispersal postures have also been well documented in scale insect (Coccoidea) 13 , predatory phytoseiid mites 14 – 16 and phytophagous tetranychid spider mites 17 – 19 , which additionally exhibit collective behaviours facilitating dispersal 20 , 21 , and have been proposed to occur in phytophagous eriophyoid mites 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses to potential dispersal cues in two economically important species of cereal-feeding eriophyid mites

Kiedrowicz

Kuczyński

Lewandowski

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Passively dispersing organisms should optimise the time and direction of dispersal by employing behaviours that increase their probability of being successfully transported by dispersal agents. We rigorously tested whether two agriculturally important passively-dispersing eriophyoid species, wheat curl mite (WCM) and cereal rust mite (CRM), display behaviours indicating their readiness to depart from current host plants in the presence of potential dispersal cues: wind, an insect vector and presence of a fresh plant. Contrary to our expectations, we found that both species decreased their general activity in the presence of wind. When exposed to wind, WCM (but not CRM) significantly increased behaviour that has previously been considered to facilitate dispersal (in this case, standing vertically). Our study provides the first sound test of the function of what have been interpreted as dispersal-related behaviours of eriophyid mites. The low proportion of WCM exhibiting dispersal behaviour suggests there may be predisposed dispersers and residents in the population. Moreover, we found that WCM was generally more active than CRM, which is likely a contributing factor to its high invasive potential.

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“…Attraction to conspecifics in phoretic nematodes might also arise to avoid the impact of Allee effects (i.e. decreased fitness due to low population density at the destination) as proposed in other species (Clotuche et al., 2013; Courchamp et al., 1999; Fronhofer et al., 2013; Kramer et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms

Gupta

Borges

2021

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Hitchhikers (phoretic organisms) identify their vehicles using species‐specific visual, chemical and vibrational cues. However, what factors influence their choice between vehicles of the same species has rarely been investigated. Hitchhikers must not only avoid overcrowded vehicles but may also need to travel with conspecifics to ensure mates at their destination. Hence, a trade‐off between overcrowding and presence of conspecifics likely determines the choice of a vehicle especially when destination sites are distant, ephemeral and unique. Here, we investigate whether a trade‐off between the presence of conspecifics versus overcrowding by conspecifics or heterospecifics on a vehicle affects hitchhiker choice. We also investigate the sensory modality responsible for this choice. We experimentally examine these questions using a phoretic nematode community (containing plant‐ and animal‐parasitic taxa) obligately associated with a brood‐site pollination mutualism. In this model system, nematodes co‐travel with conspecifics and heterospecifics on pollinators as vehicles, between ephemeral plant brood sites to complete their developmental life cycle. In this system, hitchhiker overcrowding has proven negative impacts on vehicle and plant fitness. We expected nematodes to respond to conspecifics and heterospecific density on offered vehicles when making their choice. We found that animal‐parasitic nematodes preferred vehicles containing some conspecifics within a certain density range. However, plant‐parasitic nematodes preferentially boarded vehicles that were devoid of conspecifics or had few conspecifics. Plant parasites that preferred empty vehicles likely hitchhiked in pairs. Both nematode types employed volatile cues to discriminate between vehicles with different conspecific nematode densities. Our results suggest that vehicle overcrowding by conspecifics, most likely, guaranteed access to mates at the destination determined hitchhiker choice. Surprisingly, and contrary to our expectations, plant‐ and animal‐parasitic nematodes did not respond to heterospecific crowding on vehicles and did not discriminate between vehicles with different heterospecific nematode densities. The reason for this lack of response to heterospecific presence is unknown. This study not only shows that phoretic organisms use different strategies while choosing a vehicle but also confirms that density‐dependent effects can ensure the stability and persistence of phoretic interactions in a mutualism by balancing overcrowding against reproductive assurance.

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Reaching the Ball or Missing the Flight? Collective Dispersal in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

Behavioural responses to potential dispersal cues in two economically important species of cereal-feeding eriophyid mites

Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms

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