Reach specificity in sediment E. coli population turnover and interaction with waterborne populations

Piorkowski, Gregory S.; Jamieson, Rob; Bezanson, G. S.; Hansen, Lisbeth Truelstrup; Yost, Christopher K.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.145

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…This indicates that other unidentified factors may influence the flux rate. Recently, it was shown that during baseflow there can exist a flux of E. coli from sediments to the water column (Grant et al, 2011; Piorkowski et al, 2014; Park et al, 2017, Pachepsky et al, 2017). Since sediment E. coli concentrations grew in some locations and decreased in others, the increase of the E. coli flux from the “growth” locations may not compensate for the decrease in the flux from the “decrease” locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing content of fine particles and organic carbon in sediments has been reported to lead to lower E. coli inactivation rates and a lower sensitivity to inactivation due to temperature effects (Garzio‐Hadzick et al, 2010). Additionally, sediment organic carbon and median particle size diameter were reported to be important explanatory variables for the concentrations of E. coli in stream sediments during baseflow periods (Piorkowski et al, 2014). Our work seems to corroborate that of Brinkmeyer et al (2015), who concluded that the balance between sediment grain size or texture, water content, and organic matter appear to be the key for the better survival of fecal indicator bacteria in sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized differences in water velocity and shear stress along a stream have also been thought to influence concentrations of fecal bacteria in sediments (Gordon et al, 2004; Piorkowski et al, 2014b). Concentration gradients of fecal indicator bacteria in sediments have often been reported along reaches of waterways, with higher concentrations usually adjacent to both point and nonpoint sources (Badgley et al, 2010; Grant et al, 2011; Piorkowski et al, 2014). It is not uncommon to find two to five orders of magnitude difference between maximum and minimum concentrations observed at the same sampling location (Pachepsky and Shelton, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Patterns of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Sediment before and after High‐Flow Events in a First‐Order Creek

2018

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Understanding spatial patterns of Escherichia coli in freshwater sediments is necessary to characterize sediments as microbial reservoirs and to evaluate the impact of sediment resuspension on microbial water quality in watersheds. Sediment particle size distributions and streambed E. coli concentrations were measured along a 500‐m‐long reach of a first‐order creek 1 d before and on Days 1, 3, 6, and 10 after each of two artificial high‐flow events, with natural high‐flow events also occurring within the sampling periods. Spatial variability of E. coli was greater in sediments than in water within any given sampling; however, variation between sampling days was greater for water than for sediment. The mean relative difference analysis revealed temporally stable patterns of E. coli concentrations in sediments. Escherichia coli–rich locations along the reach corresponded to areas with higher organic matter and fine particle contents. Although low (k < 0.5 d−1) or negative survival rates were observed at most locations along the reach during times where no precipitation was recorded, a small number of locations showed such large concentration increase that on average the survival rate remained positive at the reach scale. The studied creek appears to have hot spots of concentration increase, where conditions for E. coli populations to increase are much more favorable than in most other locations across the reach. The effect of this increase can be seen at the reach scale but is difficult to discern without individual sampling that is dense in space and time. Core Ideas Temporally stable patterns of E. coli concentrations in sediments were observed. Reach‐average E. coli concentrations increased in sediments between high‐flow events. E. coli survival rates were generally low except in certain locations along the reach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Patterns of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Sediment before and after High‐Flow Events in a First‐Order Creek

2018

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“…The physical mechanisms involved include entrainment and settling of particles mediated by shear stresses along the boundaries of flow, as well as loss of suspended pathogens infiltrating into the soil column or channel bed. Additionally, pathogens trapped in sediment or soil near the surface-subsurface interface may be re-mobilized during high flows independent from sediment suspension (Ghimire and Deng 2013, Yakirevich, et al 2013, Grant, et al 2011); however, this hyporheic transport process is rarely accounted for in fate and transport models (Piorkowski, et al 2014). …”

Section: Modeling Pathogen Transport During Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the microbiological risks associated with inland flood events: Bridging theory and models of pathogen transport

Collender

Cooke

Bryant

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Flooding is known to facilitate infectious disease transmission, yet quantitative research on microbiological risks associated with floods has been limited. Pathogen fate and transport models provide a framework to examine interactions between landscape characteristics, hydrology, and waterborne disease risks, but have not been widely developed for flood conditions. We critically examine capabilities of current hydrological models to represent unusual flow paths, non-uniform flow depths, and unsteady flow velocities that accompany flooding. We investigate the theoretical linkages between hydrodynamic processes and spatio-temporally variable suspension and deposition of pathogens from soils and sediments; pathogen dispersion in flow; and concentrations of constituents influencing pathogen transport and persistence. Identifying gaps in knowledge and modeling practice, we propose a research agenda to strengthen microbial fate and transport modeling applied to inland floods: 1) development of models incorporating pathogen discharges from flooded sources (e.g., latrines), effects of transported constituents on pathogen persistence, and supply-limited pathogen transport; 2) studies assessing parameter identifiability and comparing model performance under varying degrees of process representation, in a range of settings; 3) development of remotely sensed datasets to support modeling of vulnerable, data-poor regions; and 4) collaboration between modelers and field-based researchers to expand the collection of useful data in situ.

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Effects of Backpacker Use, Pack Stock Trail Use, and Pack Stock Grazing on Water-Quality Indicators, Including Nutrients, E. coli, Hormones, and Pharmaceuticals, in Yosemite National Park, USA

Forrester

Clow

Roche

et al. 2017

Environmental Management

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We investigated how visitor-use affects water quality in wilderness in Yosemite National Park. During the summers of 2012-2014, we collected and analyzed surface-water samples for water-quality indicators, including fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon), suspended sediment concentration, pharmaceuticals, and hormones. Samples were collected upstream and downstream from different types of visitor use at weekly to biweekly intervals and during summer storms. We conducted a park-wide synoptic sampling campaign during summer 2014, and sampled upstream and downstream from meadows to evaluate the mitigating effect of meadows on water quality. At pack stock stream crossings, Escherichia coli concentrations were greater downstream from crossings than upstream (median downstream increase in Escherichia coli of three colony forming units 100 mL), with the greatest increases occurring during storms (median downstream increase in Escherichia coli of 32 CFU 100 mL). At backpacker use sites, hormones, and pharmaceuticals (e.g., insect repellent) were detected at downstream sites, and Escherichia coli concentrations were greater at downstream sites (median downstream increase in Escherichia coli of 1 CFU 100 mL). Differences in water quality downstream vs. upstream from meadows grazed by pack stock were not detectable for most water-quality indicators, however, Escherichia coli concentrations decreased downstream, suggesting entrapment and die-off of fecal indicator bacteria in meadows. Our results indicate that under current-use levels pack stock trail use and backpacker use are associated with detectable, but relatively minor, effects on water quality, which are most pronounced during storms.

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Reach specificity in sediment E. coli population turnover and interaction with waterborne populations

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Spatial Patterns of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Sediment before and after High‐Flow Events in a First‐Order Creek

Spatial Patterns of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Sediment before and after High‐Flow Events in a First‐Order Creek

Estimating the microbiological risks associated with inland flood events: Bridging theory and models of pathogen transport

Effects of Backpacker Use, Pack Stock Trail Use, and Pack Stock Grazing on Water-Quality Indicators, Including Nutrients, E. coli, Hormones, and Pharmaceuticals, in Yosemite National Park, USA

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