Introduction: The importance of an adequate nutritional status for post-heart transplant patients has been gaining attention, as a better quality of life is sought with the procedure, which makes it necessary to assess the nutritional evolution and the relationship with hospital discharge of patients undergoing to heart transplantation. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, in which secondary data were collected from the nutritional monitoring records of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent heart transplantation from January 2012 to February 2020. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results: Data from 130 patients were analyzed, with a greater proportion of males, in adulthood, highlighting idiopathic cardiomyopathy as the underlying pathology, and systemic arterial hypertension as the most frequent comorbidity. Regarding the anthropometric assessment, the largest proportion of patients was eutrophic, taking into account the body mass index and in contrast to the arm circumference, there was a predominance of thinness. There was evidence of a decrease in the mean weight during hospitalization from 65.5 ± 15.4 kg to 62.5 ± 14.6 kg (p<0.001) and a body mass index of 23.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2 to 22.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2. In addition, patients who gained weight were 2.77 times more likely to be discharged from hospital compared to patients who lost weight. Conclusion: The changes in anthropometric indicators evidenced in this study demonstrate the importance of nutritional monitoring of patients undergoing heart transplantation, since weight gain in the postoperative period was related to shorter hospital stay, which can impact on lower costs hospitals and risk of infections in these patients.