Re-use of steel slag as an aggregate to asphaltic road pavement surface

Maharaj, Chris; White, Daniel; Maharaj, Rean; Morin, Cheryon

doi:10.1080/23311916.2017.1416889

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is known that cement production is one of the most energy intensive processes, since it consumes 12% to 15% of the total industrial energy requirements and is responsible for 7% to 10% of the global CO 2 emissions [3,4]. Other alternative options for slag management include its use in road construction as aggregate [5], and in recent years the production of alkali activated materials (AAMs), called inorganic polymers (IPs) or "geopolymers", can be used as construction materials or binders in the construction sector, thus improving its sustainability [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials

et al. 2019

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This study aims to model grinding of a Polish ferronickel slag and evaluate the particle size distributions (PSDs) of the products obtained after different grinding times. Then, selected products were alkali activated in order to investigate the effect of particle size on the compressive strength of the produced alkali activated materials (AAMs). Other parameters affecting alkali activation, i.e., temperature, curing, and ageing time were also examined. Among the different mathematical models used to simulate the particle size distribution, Rosin-Rammler (RR) was found to be the most suitable. When piecewise regression analysis was applied to experimental data it was found that the particle size distribution of the slag products exhibits multifractal character. In addition, grinding of slag exhibits non-first-order behavior and the reduction rate of each size is time dependent. The grinding rate and consequently the grinding efficiency increases when the particle size increases, but drops sharply near zero after prolonged grinding periods. Regarding alkali activation, it is deduced that among the parameters studied, particle size (and the respective specific surface area) of the raw slag product and curing temperature have the most noticeable impact on the compressive strength of the produced AAMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials

et al. 2019

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“…The utilization of SS in place of NA is considered a good technical solution for engineering applications, such as concrete products or road infrastructure, due to the good physical and mechanical properties of SS (Rondi et al ., 2016; Maharaj et al ., 2017). Not less important, the reuse of SS saves natural resources and does not increase landfill waste, leading to a reduction of the impact on the environment (Kua, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In steel sector, in 2016, up to 71% of slag was used in Europe as recycled material in road construction (46%), for metallurgical purposes (15.3%), in cement production or concrete addition (4.4%), in hydraulic engineering (2.3%), and as fertilizer (2.7%) (Euroslag, 2019). Several authors have evaluated the reuse of SS as aggregates in engineering applications such as concrete for civil constructions (Rondi et al ., 2016; Dubey et al ., 2019) or for road base asphalt (Pasetto and Baldo, 2010), asphalt mixture in road construction (Oluwasola et al ., 2015; Maharaj et al ., 2017), and as additives materials in ground improvement (Horii et al ., 2013). SS are considered an attractive building material due to their technical properties and their ability to be reused and therefore limit the dumping of waste and the consumption of natural materials (Ameri and Behnood, 2012; Sorlini et al ., 2012; Brand and Roesler, 2015; Faleschini et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The release of contaminants from steel slags and natural aggregates: Evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity

Alias

Feretti

Benassi

et al. 2020

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Steel slags (SS) are the major waste produced by iron and steel industry. Slags may be reused as recycled materials, instead of natural aggregates (NA), to reduce the final disposal in a landfill and the exploitation of raw materials. However, the reuse of SS may generate a potential release of toxic compounds for the environment and humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and genotoxicity of SS, in comparison with NA, by using an integrated chemical-biological approach to enable their safe reuse in engineering applications. Leaching solutions from samples were obtained by using short-term leaching tests (CEN EN 12457-2, 2004) usually adopted for the evaluation of waste recovery and final disposal. Chemical analyses of leachates were performed according to the Italian legislation on waste recovery (Ministerial Decree 186/2006). The leaching solutions were assayed by using toxicity test on Daphnia magna. Moreover, mutagenicity/genotoxicity tests on Salmonella typhimurium, Allium cepa, and human leucocytes and fibroblasts were carried out. The releases of pollutants from all samples were within the limits of the Italian legislation for waste recovery. Despite the effects that SS and NA could have on different cells, in terms of toxicity and genotoxicity, globally, SS do not seem to be any more hazardous than NA. This ecotoxicological assessment, never studied before, is important for promoting further studies that may support the decision-making process regarding the use of such types of materials.

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“…It is known that cement production is one of the most energy intensive processes, since it consumes 12 to 15% of the total industrial energy requirements and is responsible for 7 to 10% of the global CO2 emissions [3,4]. Other alternative options for slag management include its use in road construction as aggregate [5] and in recent years the production of alkali activated materials (AAMs), called inorganic polymers (IPs) or "geopolymers", which can be used as construction 2 of 21 [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The potential of wastes for alkali activation depends on their content of aluminosilicates which defines their reactivity, the strength of the activating solution and the other synthesis conditions, mainly particle size of the raw material used, curing temperature, curing and ageing period [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials

Petrakis¹,

Karmali²,

Bartzas³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This study aims to model grinding of a Polish slag and evaluate the particle size distributions of the products obtained after different grinding times. Then, selected products were alkali activated in order to investigate the effect of particle size on the compressive strength of the produced alkali activated materials (AAMs). Other parameters affecting alkali activation, i.e. temperature, curing and ageing time were also examined. Among the different mathematical models used to simulate the particle size distribution, Rosin-Rammler (RR) was found to be the most suitable. When piecewise regression analysis was applied to experimental data it was found that the particle size distribution of the slag products exhibits multi fractal character. In addition, grinding of slag exhibits non-first-order behavior and the reduction rate of each size is time dependent. The grinding rate and consequently the grinding efficiency increases when the particle size increases, but drops sharply near zero after prolonged grinding periods. Regarding alkali activation, it is deduced that among the parameters studied, particle size (and the respective specific surface area) of the raw slag product and curing temperature have the most noticeable impact on the compressive strength of the produced AAMs.

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Re-use of steel slag as an aggregate to asphaltic road pavement surface

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials

Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials

The release of contaminants from steel slags and natural aggregates: Evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity

Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials

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