Re-understanding the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique: Pitfalls in evaluation of diffusion coefficients and rational suggestions

MOF-derived N,S Co-doped carbon matrix-encapsulated Cu2S nanoparticles as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes: a joint theoretical and experimental study

“…Moreover, the introduction of N,S dopants can offer a number of active sites for Li + ion adsorption and diffusion, thus improving the electrochemical kinetics of the Cu 2 S@NSC-based LIBs. Galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) measurements were performed to determine the embedding/detachment levels and electrochemical redox kinetics of the prepared electrodes, [55][56][57] and the effects of heterogeneous interfaces and N,S co-doping on the diffusion kinetics of the batteries were thoroughly studied. The potential curves of lithiation/ delithiation of Cu 2 S, Cu 2 S@SC and Cu 2 S@NSC electrodes in the initial cycle are respectively shown in Fig.…”

Facile Construction of Nano-Dimensional Bi Encapsulated in N-Doped Porous Carbon Frameworks for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

“…The Na + diffusion coefficient can be calculated from the Fick’s second law by using eq S1. , Figure b,c shows the changing processes of the Na + diffusion coefficient during the discharging and charging processes, respectively. The calculated values of D Na+ range from 10 –12 to 10 –9.5 cm 2 s –1 and present the similar changing trend, that is the D Na+ values gradually decrease during the alloying and dealloying reactions. , The Bi@NPC-850-U electrode owns the highest Na + diffusion coefficient in four anodes, indicating the fastest reaction kinetics, thus exhibiting outstanding electrochemical performance especially at a high current rate.…”

Confined replacement synthesis of SnSe nanoplates in N-doped hollow carbon nanocages for high-performance sodium–ion batteries

“…4f shows the Z′ − ω −1/2 (ω = 2πf ) curves in the low-frequency region, and the lower slope of the SnSe@N-HCNs further proves its faster Na + reaction kinetics. The Na ion diffusion coefficient (D Na , cm 2 s −1 ) can be estimated from the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) according to the simplified Fick's second law with the following equation [53][54][55] D¼ 4 πτ…”