Re-recognition of pseudogenes: From molecular to clinical applications

Chen, Xu; Wan, Lin; Wang, Wei; Xi, Wenjin; Yang, Angang; Wang, Tao

doi:10.7150/thno.40659

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Pseudogenes are genomic elements that lose protein-coding abilities because of various endogenous inactivating mutations [114] and some of them have also been found to be miRNA sponges such as PTENP1 and OCT4P4 [115]. Some types of protein-coding RNAs can sponge to miRNAs, too [93].…”

Section: Involved Mirna Sponges In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

et al. 2020

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of about 22 nucleotides in size, play important roles in gene regulation, and their dysregulation is implicated in human diseases including cancer. A variety of miRNAs could take roles in the cancer progression, participate in the process of tumor immune, and function with miRNA sponges. During the last two decades, the connection between miRNAs and various cancers has been widely researched. Based on evidence about miRNA, numerous potential cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis have been put forward, providing a new perspective on cancer screening. Besides, there are several miRNA-based therapies among different cancers being conducted, advanced treatments such as the combination of synergistic strategies and the use of complementary miRNAs provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients potentially. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that many miRNAs are engaged in the resistance of cancer therapies with their complex underlying regulatory mechanisms, whose comprehensive cognition can help clinicians and improve patient prognosis. With the belief that studies about miRNAs in human cancer would have great clinical implications, we attempt to summarize the current situation and potential development prospects in this review.

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Section: Involved Mirna Sponges In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

et al. 2020

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“…Pseudogene is a type of genomic element, which is partially homologous to corresponding functional genes, although lacks protein-coding capability due to mutations. Pseudogene widely participates in gene regulation 93 .…”

Section: The Interplay Between M 6 a And Other Epimentioning

confidence: 99%

The crosstalk between m⁶A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling

Zhao¹,

Chen²,

Jin³

et al. 2021

Theranostics

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Epigenetic regulation involves a range of sophisticated processes which contribute to heritable alterations in gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Regulatory events predominantly include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and RNA modification. As the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA methylation actively participates in the modulation of RNA metabolism. Notably, accumulating evidence has revealed complicated interrelations occurring between m 6 A and other well-known epigenetic modifications. Their crosstalk conspicuously triggers epigenetic remodeling, further yielding profound impacts on a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of this emerging hot area of biological research, summarizing the interplay between m 6 A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators, and highlighting their underlying functions in epigenetic reprogramming.

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“…Retrocopies involved in the response to a particular treatment, such as radiation [ 10 ] or paclitaxel [ 54 ], have also been reported [ 10 , 54 ]. Moreover, many studies describe retropseudogenes associated with the occurrence of a particular stage or form of the tumor [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. It turns out that they can play multifaceted roles within tumor cells, and the literature reports retrogenes that are both oncogenes and tumor suppressors.…”

Section: Retrogenes In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer, Retrogenes, and Evolution

Staszak

Makałowska

2021

Life

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This review summarizes the knowledge about retrogenes in the context of cancer and evolution. The retroposition, in which the processed mRNA from parental genes undergoes reverse transcription and the resulting cDNA is integrated back into the genome, results in additional copies of existing genes. Despite the initial misconception, retroposition-derived copies can become functional, and due to their role in the molecular evolution of genomes, they have been named the “seeds of evolution”. It is convincing that retrogenes, as important elements involved in the evolution of species, also take part in the evolution of neoplastic tumors at the cell and species levels. The occurrence of specific “resistance mechanisms” to neoplastic transformation in some species has been noted. This phenomenon has been related to additional gene copies, including retrogenes. In addition, the role of retrogenes in the evolution of tumors has been described. Retrogene expression correlates with the occurrence of specific cancer subtypes, their stages, and their response to therapy. Phylogenetic insights into retrogenes show that most cancer-related retrocopies arose in the lineage of primates, and the number of identified cancer-related retrogenes demonstrates that these duplicates are quite important players in human carcinogenesis.

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Re-recognition of pseudogenes: From molecular to clinical applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 141 publications

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

The crosstalk between m⁶A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling

Cancer, Retrogenes, and Evolution

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Re-recognition of pseudogenes: From molecular to clinical applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 141 publications

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

The crosstalk between m6A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling

Cancer, Retrogenes, and Evolution

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Product

Resources

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The crosstalk between m⁶A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling