Re-mention of an old neurodegenerative disease: Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of neuropsychiatric disorder, is characterized by neuronal degeneration and inexorably progressing dementia, especially in the elderly population. With a rapidly aging population in both developed and developing countries, AD has emerged as one of the largest growing problems worldwide. Current drugs improve the symptoms of AD, but do not have any profound intervention to delay its onset. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the genes tied to AD will be crucial to the development of therapeutic targets. This review will summarize the aetiology, pathology, and the evidence for the genetic components in AD, discuss the proposed amyloid cascade and the following tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesises, oxidative stress mediated neuronal cell death, as well as the function of Retromer complex during the developing of AD. Our laboratory's current research progress and the challenges that still remained will be also highlighted.

Ferroptosis, Pyroptosis, and Cuproptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…So far, there is no radical cure for AD, there are few drug treatment options, drug selection is not uniform, and the best treatment can not be achieved clinically . Therefore, scholars at home and abroad are actively working hard to find drugs for the treatment of AD.…”

Accurate Period Approximation for Any Simple Pendulum Amplitude

“…[2] Recently, Zhang modified Lima's combined formula by analyzing the type of relative error, and an accurate approximation period with relative error less than 0.08% was derived, however it is complicated. [27] Certainly, a good approximate analytical expression of the period composed of the elementary functions should be accurate and simple for an amplitude 𝜃 0 range as large as possible. In this Letter, we try to find such an expression of period.…”

“…4(a), except for several degrees at the smallamplitude and large-amplitude sides, most of them have the maximal relative error in the range of the middle amplitude, among which the least maximum is about 3%. If we fit the relative errors with trigonometric functions, as suggested by Zhang and Yuan, [27] 𝑇 𝐴…”