Re: Human Papillomavirus Infection and Incidence of Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Skin

Hall, Lisa; Struijk, Linda; Neale, Rachel E.; Feltkamp, Mariet C.W.

doi:10.1093/jnci/djj379

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An interaction between exposure to solar UV radiation and infection with cutaneous (h) HPV subtypes has recently been associated with increased risk for NMSC in immunocompetent hosts (43,44). HPV oncogenes have been shown to interfere with cellular responses to UV-related DNA damage (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppression and Other Risk Factors for Lip Cancer after Kidney Transplantation

Leeuwen

Grulich

McDonald

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Incidence of lip cancer is markedly increased after kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression and other risk factors for lip cancer were investigated in a population-based, nationwide cohort of 8,162 kidney transplant recipients registered on the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (1982-2003). Lip cancer diagnoses were ascertained using probabilistic data linkage with the Australian National Cancer Statistics Clearing House. Standardized incidence ratios were used to compare lip cancer risk by subsite of lip and during periods of transplant function and failure. Risk factors during the first functioning transplant were examined using multivariate Poisson regression. Lip cancer was diagnosed in 203 patients. All cases were of squamous cell origin and mostly (77%) affected the lower vermillion. Cases occurred predominantly during periods of transplant function, with incidence decreasing to pretransplantation level on transplant failure and cessation of immunosuppression. During transplant function, cancer of the lower vermillion was associated with increasing year of age [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.02-1.05], greater time since transplantation (P < 0.001), smoking (IRR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.12-4.07), and current use of azathioprine (IRR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.39-5.15) or cyclosporine (IRR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.00-2.65). Female sex (IRR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.18-0.46) and nonAustralian/New Zealand country of birth (P = 0.006), surrogate indices of reduced exposure to solar UV radiation, were significantly protective. Lip cancer after transplantation is strongly related to the current receipt of immunosuppression. During transplant function, lip cancer risk is associated with the duration of immunosuppression, receipt of specific immunosuppressive agents, and UV exposure. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):561 -9)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppression and Other Risk Factors for Lip Cancer after Kidney Transplantation

Leeuwen

Grulich

McDonald

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…5,[95][96][97][98][99] More recently, the HPV has been associated with cutaneous SCC, especially in immunocompromised individuals. [100][101][102][103][104] The ratio of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) to SCC is 5:1 in immunocompetent individuals. In the immunosuppressed population, the risk for SCC development is 64-250 times greater than that of the general population and the risk of BCC is about 10 times greater, revealing a reversed ratio of the 2 malignancies.…”

Section: Squamous Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral-Associated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Review

Dubina¹,

Goldenberg²

2009

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most common malignancies in the United States, with over 1.3 million patients diagnosed yearly. Several types of nonmelanoma skin cancer and precancerous lesions have an associated viral pathogenesis, including epidermodysplasia verruciformis, verrucous carcinoma, bowenoid papulosis, Kaposi sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and, most recently, Merkel cell carcinoma. It is now widely accepted that high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a key role in pathogenesis of cervical and anogenital cancer. Currently, 108 types of HPV have been discovered. They can be divided into genera including alpha, beta, and gamma HPVs, which comprise the majority of cutaneous HPVs. The relationship between viruses and cancer is a popular focus of research in an era of AIDS and organ transplantation, where immunosuppression is not uncommon. The incidence of viral-related malignancies in these populations is increasing. Because of the widespread nature of these cutaneous malignancies, an evaluation of these conditions is valuable. This review of the literature will focus on the histologic aspects of viral-associated skin malignancies, as well as the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical aspects of these diseases.

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“…Indeed several laboratories have recently shown that interference with UV-induced DNA repair and apoptosis by betaPV might occur, and epidemiological studies seem suggestive of a joint effect of UV-radiation and betaPV infection as well. 32,81 With regard to DNA repair it was for instance shown that HPV5 E6 expressing fibrosarcoma cells have more thymine dimers after UVB-irradiation, 82 and that HPV8 E6, but also HPV1 E6 (mu-genus), is able to bind XCRR1 that functions in single-strand DNA repair. 83 For HPV5 it was shown that cells expressing E6 were abrogated in apoptotic responses such as fragmentation of DNA (TUNEL) and the release of apoptosis-inducing factor and cytochrome c. 84,85 Down regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bak in HPV5 E6 expressing cells is thought to be behind this observation, 86,87 but also down regulation of Bax has been reported.…”

Section: Betapapillomavirus Replication and Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%