Re-expression of Locomotor Function After Partial Spinal Cord Injury

Rossignol, Serge; Barrière, Grégory; Alluin, Olivier; Frigon, Alain

doi:10.1152/physiol.00042.2008

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Thus, the animal models allow for deeper insights into sub-hierarchical (less conscious) neuronal control circuits (like neural recordings of central pattern generator activity in spinalized cats) that are, at best, only indirectly or consciously accessible by patients. 36,37 Spatial and temporal aspects Besides looking at principles in neural repair, there are some spatial and temporal aspects of comparisons between human and animal outcomes after SCI that ask for special consideration. The spatial aspects address issues like the total size of the cord, the magnitude of post-traumatic tissue damage (which may eventually evolve to post-traumatic cyst formation), as well as what is the most frequent pattern of cord damage (contusion) and related SCI syndromes, such as anterior cord, central cord or Brown-Sequard syndrome.…”

Section: Translation Of Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The translational dialogue in spinal cord injury research

Curt

2011

Spinal Cord

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Background: Although the emphasis in clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) research has been directed towards the evaluation of clinical assessments (standards in neurological examination) and the appreciation of outcome measures (that is, extent and pattern of clinical recovery from SCI), the underlying neurological mechanisms for recovery from SCI are not well documented in humans. However, to improve the translational research, a meaningful preclinical-clinical dialogue is required, with an appreciation for both fundamental neural mechanisms and what makes human SCI unique. This holds true both for potential interventions in rehabilitation and novel drug or cell-based treatment approaches in acute SCI. Objectives: The gap in translational research that needs to be approached from both ends not only includes the appreciation of principal neural mechanisms (repair, sprouting, plasticity) and their assumed impact onto outcomes (even though humans and non primate animals may rely on slightly different supraspinal control for some movements), but also includes an understanding of the spatial (location and size of lesion) and temporal (timelines of damage and recovery) factors in spinal cord damage that can vary considerably between the different species being studied. Conclusion:The preclinical-clinical dialogue should be encouraged as a venue to improve the appreciation of discoveries in basic research, and to power valid discoveries towards a meaningful translation into advanced treatments downstream. Similarly, the upstream identification of appropriate clinical targets that take into account clinical constraints depends on reliable and advanced clinical information being provided to preclinical investigators.

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Section: Translation Of Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The translational dialogue in spinal cord injury research

Curt

2011

Spinal Cord

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“…Given their widespread projections, these cells may participate in the coordination between limbs as well as in weight support directly or as an integrative relay between the cortex and spinal cord. 13 Besides these pathways, it is clear that on lesion type AIS B, patients have a certain grade of sensation that means that they have some dorsal pathways preserved. In rats, it has been observed that lesions at the Rubrospinal nucleus cause persistent deficits during over ground and skilled locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rats, it has been observed that lesions at the Rubrospinal nucleus cause persistent deficits during over ground and skilled locomotion. 13 Hence preservation of this nucleus is a conceivable condition needed to initiate locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping in motor complete spinal cord injured patient with extensor spasticity following intensive gait rehabilitation- case report

Kumru¹

2018

IPMRJ

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Introduction: We report the case of a chronic motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) subject who regained stepping in parallel bars after intensive gait rehabilitation treatment. Methods:A 32 year old male patient with chronic sensory incomplete SCI (T6, AISA B) with extensor spasticity of both legs, performed over 3 months a locomotor training program 2 years after his initial injury. The training included the use of a robotic system combined with bilateral functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the peroneal nerve for 2 months followed by another month of training on parallel bars with FES. Results:After the three months of training, the patient was able to walk using parallel bars for 2 minutes without FES, orthosis or third person assistance. Conclusion:A young patient following a complete motor SCI with some preservation of sensory pathways and with extensor spasticity could perform steps following intensive gait rehabilitation.

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“…Grasso et al 8 reported that locomotor responses elicited by treadmill training in SCI patients may depend on a plastic redistribution of activity across most of the rostrocaudal extent of the spinal cord. Rossignol et al 15 reviewed the role of CPG in locomotor recovery after incomplete SCI. It has been recognized that partial body weight support with the loading of weight on the hind feet is important for locomotor training.…”

Section: Central Pattern Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor improvement of spinal cord-injured rats through treadmill training by forced plantar placement of hind paws

et al. 2015

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Study design: Experimental training model of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting: Osaka, Japan Objective: To investigate the effect of forced treadmill training by plantar placement (PP), as compared with dorsal placement (DP), of the dorsal paws on the locomotor behaviors of spinal cord-injured rats. Methods: The spinal cord was contusion-injured at the thoracic level. Rats were divided into three groups: forced training involving stepping by PP and DP and non-forced training/assistance (nT). Training began 1 week after injury and was conducted for 4 weeks. Locomotor behaviors were estimated using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores, dorsiflexion of the hind paws and footprints of the hind paws. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the spinal cord lesions were conducted after 4 weeks of training. Results: The values, respectively, of PP, DP and nT groups at 4 weeks of training were as follows: BBB scores were 15.6 ± 0.8, 7.7 ± 1.3 and 10.3 ± 0.4. The paw dorsiflexion angles were 34.1 ± 5.2, 16.4 ± 2.4 and 23.6 ± 3.0 degrees, respectively. The stride angles were 5.1 ± 0.9, 13.7 ± 4.9 and 17.8 ± 4.0 degrees for the left paws. Cavity volumes were 10.3 ± 2.1, 31.0 ± 2.0 and 28.2 ± 4.9%. In addition to cavities, there were astrocyte-devoid areas containing some loose tissues, through which many axons extended longitudinally. Conclusions: The BBB score, dorsiflexion angle and stride angle were consistently improved in the PP group. Cavity formation was more reduced, and many axons extended through coarse tissues formed in astrocyte-devoid areas at the lesion in the PP group. INTRODUCTIONSpinal cord injury (SCI) is devastating; patients with SCI lose functions below the level of the injury, and recovery of the locomotor functions is limited even with extensive rehabilitation. Body weight support treadmill (BWST) training with plantar stepping is widely used for locomotor exercises in the rehabilitation of patients with SCI. However, the effectiveness of plantar stepping of the hind feet has not been fully evaluated experimentally. The present study focused on the effect of forced treadmill training by plantar placement (PP) of the hind paws on the locomotor behaviors of rats with SCI. Recent cell transplantation studies have reported the recovery of injured spinal cord tissue and the behavioral improvement of SCI animals. 1 Our previous studies showed that bone marrow stromal cell transplantation is effective for locomotor recovery from SCI in rats, 2 findings that have been applied to clinical cases. 3 Along with the emergence of potentially effective treatments of SCI, including cell transplantation therapy, hope for the rehabilitation of patients with SCI has increased. It is now all the more important to experimentally explore the effects of rehabilitation on recovery from SCI.

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Re-expression of Locomotor Function After Partial Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 73 publications

References 120 publications

The translational dialogue in spinal cord injury research

The translational dialogue in spinal cord injury research

Stepping in motor complete spinal cord injured patient with extensor spasticity following intensive gait rehabilitation- case report

Locomotor improvement of spinal cord-injured rats through treadmill training by forced plantar placement of hind paws

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