Re‐Examination of Turkey Red

Abstract

Cotton yarn was dyed in Turkey red using madder through a special method. Amount of the dyestuffs bound to mordanted cotton fibre and the oiling numbers of the cotton yarn was investigated by using TLC (thin layer chromatography) and spectrophotometry. Sn(II) in the bright red cotton yarn was analysed by X-ray diffraction method.

St. Lucie cherry, yellow jasmine, and madder berries as novel natural sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells

“…The signals in the range 2950 to 2850 cm −1 are related to the stretching vibrations of ─CH, ─CH 2 , and ─CH 3 . The peaks between 1600 and 1640 cm −1 indicate the ─C═C─ stretch alkenes and/or the benzene rings, while the band at 1717 cm −1 can be ascribed to the stretching mode of the carbonyl group (─C═O) . The band located at 1025 cm −1 can be associated with asymmetric stretching of (─C─O─C─) modes, while the band at 820 cm −1 can be assigned to the symmetric stretching mode of the aliphatic ether group.…”

“…Its fruit has a spherical shape ( R = 5‐10 mm) colored bright black or dark red. The ripening time of fruits occurs between June and August St.…”

The evaluation of procedures for dyeing silk with buckthorn and walloon oak on the basis of colour changes and fastness characteristics

“…The most commonly used mordanting material is alum, which gives bright colours with most natural dyes [20]. Several analytical techniques have been used for the identification of natural dyes, for example, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [21][22][23], highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], Raman spectroscopy [32], Fourier Transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [33], UV-visible spectrophotometry [34] and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [35].…”

Investigation on colour, fastness properties and HPLC‐DAD analysis of silk fibres dyed withRubia tinctoriumL. andQuercus ithaburensisDecaisne

“…The several anthraquinone derivatives used in dyeing fibres exhibit various biological activities, such as anti‐oxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐fungal, cytotoxic, larvicidal and antiviral, as well as genotoxic activities [11]. Several analytical techniques for the identification of natural dyes present in textiles have been applied, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [12], ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry, thin‐layer chromatography [8,13], raman spectroscopy [14], microspectrofluorimetry [15] and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [16]. HPLC has become an important method for identification of natural dyes present in historical textiles, art objects, etc.…”

“…The roots of madder have been used for dyeing textile fibres such as wool, silk and cotton in many parts of the world since ancient times [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The madder (Rubia tinctorium L.) plant contains alizarin, pseudopurpurin, munjistin and as many as 15 other anthraquinones as effective dyes [8]. The red anthraquinone dyes present in madder are probably the most widespread than any other red plant dyes since antiquity [2][3][4][5].…”