Re-evaluation of renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombus extension by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Renal Cell Cancer

“…Intraoperative monitoring of patients with tumor thrombi in the upper part of the inferior vena cava can be of great assistance. [35][36][37][38] Guiding Treatment Minimal invasive treatment options for RCCs are gaining popularity. These treatments, either under laparoscopic or percutaneous guidance, depend entirely on imaging because visualization of the tumor is required during the treatmen.…”