Re-Evaluation of Morphological Characters Questions Current Views of Pinniped Origins

Koretsky, Irina A.; Barnes, Lawrence G.; Rahmat, Sulman

doi:10.1515/vzoo-2016-0040

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Th e detailed morphology and discussion of the "pinniped" fl ipper structure was presented by Bininda-Emonds and Russell (1996), who reached a conclusion opposite to Wyss (1994), demonstrating additional support to a likely diphyletic origin. Several of the features discussed in the Koretsky et al (2016) publication directly supported the Bininda-Emonds and Russell (1996) study.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Mandibular Morphology of the Mid-Miocene Seal Devinophoca claytoni (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)

Rahmat¹,

Koretsky²

2018

Vestnik Zoologii

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During several excavations in Slovakia at the base of the Malé Karpaty Mountains (near the junction of the Morava and Danube Rivers), two skulls and numerous mandibular, dental and postcranial bones of early mid-Miocene (16.3–12.8 Ma) seals were collected. Isolated mandibles and many individual teeth were found at this locality, with some teeth in situ corresponding morphologically with the mandible and skull of Devinophoca claytoni, and others perfectly associating to the mandible and skull of the recently described Devinophoca emryi. Based on this material, two species of the previously unknown phocid subfamily Devinophocinae Koretsky et Holec, 2002 have been described. However, the mandibular morphology of the type species Devinophoca claytoni has remained unknown. Here, we present a first description of the mandible of this species. Morphological assessments reveal that the D. claytoni mandible has posterior alveoli larger than anterior; flat mandibular body low in height; alveoli of p4 larger than m1; and a unique devinophocine combination of incisors (I3/1) that differs from those in the extant subfamilies Cystophorinae (I2/1), Monachinae (I2/2) and Phocinae (I3/2).

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Mandibular Morphology of the Mid-Miocene Seal Devinophoca claytoni (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)

Rahmat¹,

Koretsky²

2018

Vestnik Zoologii

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“…Within the topology produced by the TEA, we can assume the loss of the alisphenoid canal represents an autapomophy for Potamotherium, rather than a synapomorphy of a hypothetical Potamotherium + Phocidae clade Koretsky and Rahmat, 2016). It is likely the alisphenoid canal was lost multiple times in arctoids, including at least once in phocids, mephitids, the clade containing mustelids + procyonids, and…”

Section: Pinnipedimorph Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this interpretation requires a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis (Diedrich, 2011;Berta, 2012;Boessenecker and Churchill, 2013;Koretsky and Domning, 2014;Koretsky et al, 2016). In the initial analysis (Rybczynski et al 2009), Puijila was recovered in a clade with Enaliarctos, Potamotherium, and Amphicticeps, thereby supporting the notion Puijila is either a pinniped, a pinnipedimorph, or an earlierdiverging member of this lineage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Until the late Pliocene, phocids were absent from the North Pacific, a piece of evidence which has previously been used to support pinniped diphyly (McLaren, 1960;Koretsky et al, 2016). Several phocids are known from the middle Miocene of eastern North America and the Paratethyan region (Korestky, 2016).…”

Section: Selection Of Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest-diverging otariid (Thalassoleon) and phocid (Devinophoca) included in the analysis both display decidedly derived morphologies (Deméré and Berta, 2005;Koretsky et al, 2016). Yet, several character states previously believed to have been lost at the base of crown Pinnipedia are retained even in these derived taxa (Table 14).…”

Section: Reappraisal Of Pinniped Synapomorphiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for the independent acquisition of aquatic specializations in pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses): insights from the study of the phylogenetic position, locomotor behaviour, and description of the stem pinniped, Puijila darwini

Paterson¹

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Monophyly of pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) is well-established.However, it is difficult to reconcile a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds with the disparate locomotory modes and associated skeletal morphologies observed between the extant families. In this study, the skeletal anatomy of Puijila darwini, a key putative stem pinniped from Canada's High Arctic, is fully described. A biomechanical analysis, using functional limb indices of extant carnivorans to predict locomotory modes in extinct taxa, confirms the aquatic adaptations of Puijila, and identifies it as a forelimb-dominated swimmer. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular and morphological data in isolation recover Puijila as a stem pinniped, and provide strong support for pinniped monophyly.However, a phylogenetic analysis combining molecular and morphological data together recovers an unconventional topology, suggesting the molecular and morphological data are incongruent. Closer scrutiny of previously-proposed pinniped synapomorphies suggests many features shared between seals, sea lions, and walruses arose in parallel.iii

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The tympanic region of the skull in extant pinnipeds: A pilot study of auditory morphological disparity using linear morphometric principal component analysis

Koper,

Koretsky,

Rahmat

2024

The Anatomical Record

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Pinnipeds are unique semiaquatic taxa possessing adaptations to hear efficiently both in water and on land. Research over the past century is extremely limited on the auditory apparatus morphology of pinnipeds, which include the Families Phocidae (true seals), Otariidae (sea lions/fur seals), and Odobenidae (walruses). Our extensive literature review revealed inaccurate terminology of this region, with details corresponding only to terrestrial taxa, and a severe lack of information due to very few current studies. This demonstrates the need for evaluation and comparison of the auditory morphologies of modern terrestrial and semiaquatic carnivorans in relation to hearing. This initial study compares tympanic bullar morphologies of Phocidae to other pinnipeds and representatives of terrestrial carnivoran families. Morphological correlations of the basicranial auditory region were also compared within phocid subfamilies. Eleven skull measurements and about eleven calculated ratios were included in multiple principal component analyses to determine what areas of the auditory apparatus had the most significant morphological variation. This is the first study using this methodology, especially in reference to the hearing adaptations of pinnipeds, specifically in phocids. Results demonstrate distinct trends in phocid bullar morphology relative to other pinnipeds. Analyses reveal that: (1) phocids generally have different bullar morphology than otariids and odobenids; (2) Neomonachus schauinslandi (Hawaiian monk seal) and Neomonachus tropicalis (Caribbean monk seal) have unique morphology compared to phocids and other pinnipeds. Future work with increased number of specimens will further substantiate these findings and both ontogenetic and sexual variations will be examined.

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Re-Evaluation of Morphological Characters Questions Current Views of Pinniped Origins

Cited by 53 publications

References 62 publications

Mandibular Morphology of the Mid-Miocene Seal Devinophoca claytoni (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)

Mandibular Morphology of the Mid-Miocene Seal Devinophoca claytoni (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)

Evidence for the independent acquisition of aquatic specializations in pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses): insights from the study of the phylogenetic position, locomotor behaviour, and description of the stem pinniped, Puijila darwini

The tympanic region of the skull in extant pinnipeds: A pilot study of auditory morphological disparity using linear morphometric principal component analysis

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