Re-enclosure of the urban picturesque:
            <i>Green-space transformations in postmodern urbanism</i>

Hebbert, Michael

doi:10.3828/tpr.79.1.4

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Greene, 1994) or a more commentary-oriented character of a title (e.g. Hebbert, 2008). The final list of all relevant materials for the review included 13 titles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the outcomes from contracting out urban green space maintenance: What we know, don’t know and should know

Lindholst

2017

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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Private delivery, i.e. contracting out, of maintenance services in urban parks and green spaces has since the 1980s been spurred by neoliberal reform promises of improved performance. This article contributes to discussions of whether contracting out park and green space maintenance services is a well-performing alternative by evaluating what is knownand not knownabout the outcomes in a narrative review of thirteen studies bridging experiences from four decades and three country contexts. It is found that the balance of reported economic and managerial outcomes mostly are on the positive side while the balance of reported outcomes related to service quality and staff are found to be on the negative side. Findings indicate that reforms have partly delivered on their promises. However, the reviewed studies are found to be dominated by evaluations based on governing values inherent in neoliberal management reforms rather than alternative management paradigms, rely on older data from a limited number of country contexts, and lack an accumulated understanding of explanation of outcomes. Finally, the reviewed studies pay little or no attention to the details of the development of different contracting and organizational models within contemporary urban green space management. Future research can expand further on what is known by addressing these key caveats.

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“…Greene, 1994) or a more commentary-oriented character of a title (e.g. Hebbert, 2008). The final list of all relevant materials for the review included 13 titles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the outcomes from contracting out urban green space maintenance: What we know, don’t know and should know

Lindholst

2017

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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“…These each have similar topographical, climatic and human population sizes (respectively, c. 230,00, c. 240,000, and c. 160,000; 2011 Census, UK), but different historical backgrounds and thus, they exhibit variability in patterns of architectural and green features17. Milton Keynes was planned as new town in the 1960s and designed with green connectivity in mind17. Bedford is a smaller county town and includes typical patterning of clustered housing and greenspace arising from a medieval layout17.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milton Keynes was planned as new town in the 1960s and designed with green connectivity in mind17. Bedford is a smaller county town and includes typical patterning of clustered housing and greenspace arising from a medieval layout17. Luton is representative of Victorian terraced urbanism and includes large industrial areas17.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological connectivity in the three-dimensional urban green volume using waveform airborne lidar

Casalegno

Anderson

Hancock

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The movements of organisms and the resultant flows of ecosystem services are strongly shaped by landscape connectivity. Studies of urban ecosystems have relied on two-dimensional (2D) measures of greenspace structure to calculate connectivity. It is now possible to explore three-dimensional (3D) connectivity in urban vegetation using waveform lidar technology that measures the full 3D structure of the canopy. Making use of this technology, here we evaluate urban greenspace 3D connectivity, taking into account the full vertical stratification of the vegetation. Using three towns in southern England, UK, all with varying greenspace structures, we describe and compare the structural and functional connectivity using both traditional 2D greenspace models and waveform lidar-generated vegetation strata (namely, grass, shrubs and trees). Measures of connectivity derived from 3D greenspace are lower than those derived from 2D models, as the latter assumes that all vertical vegetation strata are connected, which is rarely true. Fragmented landscapes that have more complex 3D vegetation showed greater functional connectivity and we found highest 2D to 3D functional connectivity biases for short dispersal capacities of organisms (6 m to 16 m). These findings are particularly pertinent in urban systems where the distribution of greenspace is critical for delivery of ecosystem services.

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“…Development interests in all of these examples thus obliterate progress made to share governance in new, alternative green spaces when volunteers are forced to abandon their spaces despite their protests. Large consumerist projects coupled with the enclosure of many other spaces across the city in the name of neoliberal, urban redevelopment (Hebbert 2008) therefore make access to green space and its management increasingly difficult for many people. In the next section I provide three examples of green space renovation in Milwaukee to further demonstrate the simultaneous role of shared governance arrangements in creating and overcoming this problem.…”

Section: Shared Governance and The Contentious Reconstitution Of Greementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Spaces of Self‐Interest Within Shared Urban Governance

Perkins

2010

Geography Compass

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Municipal governments in Western Europe and the United States historically built and programmed public, urban park spaces to promote citizenship in accord with middle class values. In many cities these decades‐old green spaces have recently fallen into disrepair as fiscally austere governments cut parks budgets. Shared governance for green space is a new solution to parks disinvestment whereby responsibility for their upkeep is redistributed among corporations, non‐profits, and local residents. Individual citizenship status in this process is not gained by patronizing parks as in the past, but by assuming responsibility for rebuilding and reprogramming them. But while shared governance increases the number of stakeholders in decision making, its democratic potential is often subverted by entrepreneurial growth coalitions that wield disproportionate power to make market‐based, urban environmental decisions. An extension of what counts as governable green space comes with an increase in entrepreneurialism – from the largest waterfront redevelopment projects to the smallest gardens on vacant neighborhood lots. The uneven distribution and quality of green space under market forms of shared governance is intensified as ‘communities of self‐interest’ arise around green spaces in some locations whereas others continue to be disinvested in the absence of direct state support. I provide three examples of green space renovation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to further demonstrate that shared governance arrangements possess democratic potential despite the injustice of their exclusivity as currently negotiated.

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Re-enclosure of the urban picturesque: Green-space transformations in postmodern urbanism

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

A review of the outcomes from contracting out urban green space maintenance: What we know, don’t know and should know

A review of the outcomes from contracting out urban green space maintenance: What we know, don’t know and should know

Ecological connectivity in the three-dimensional urban green volume using waveform airborne lidar

Green Spaces of Self‐Interest Within Shared Urban Governance

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