Re-emergence of Aedes aegypti in Egypt

Abozeid, Shaimaa; El-Sayed, A. Kamelia; Schaffner, Francis; Samy, Abdallah M.

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30018-5

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…albopictus , respectively. The presence of these species were recently confirmed via active surveillance of these two vectors in the same regions anticipated by our models [41–44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus under changing climate

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the primary vectors that transmit several arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The world is presently experiencing a series of outbreaks of these diseases, so, we still require to better understand the current distributions and possible future shifts of their vectors for successful surveillance and control programs. Few studies assessed the influences of climate change on the spatial distributional patterns and abundance of these important vectors, particularly using the most recent climatic scenarios. Here, we updated the current potential distributions of both vectors and assessed their distributional changes under future climate conditions.MethodsWe used ecological niche modeling approach to estimate the potential distributions of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus under present-day and future climate conditions. This approach fits ecological niche model from occurrence records of each species and environmental variables. For each species, future projections were based on climatic data from 9 general circulation models (GCMs) for each representative concentration pathway (RCP) in each time period, with a total of 72 combinations in four RCPs in 2050 and 2070. All ENMs were tested using the partial receiver operating characteristic (pROC) and a set of 2,048 and 2,003 additional independent records for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Finally, we used background similarity test to assess the similarity between the ENMs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.ResultsThe predicted potential distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus coincided with the current and historical known distributions of both species. Aedes aegypti showed a markedly broader distributional potential across tropical and subtropical regions than Ae. albopictus. Interestingly, Ae. albopictus was markedly broader in distributional potential across temperate Europe and the United States. All ecological niche models (ENMs) were statistically robust (P < 0.001). ENMs successfully anticipated 98% (1,999/2,048) and 99% (1,985/2,003) of additional independent records for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively (P < 0.001). ENMs based on future conditions showed similarity between the overall distributional patterns of future-day and present-day conditions; however, there was a northern range expansion in the continental USA to include parts of Southern Canada in case of Ae. albopictus in both 2050 and 2070. Future models also anticipated further expansion of Ae. albopictus to the East to include most of Europe in both time periods. Aedes aegypti was anticipated to expand to the South in East Australia in 2050 and 2070. The predictions showed differences in distributional potential of both species between diverse RCPs in 2050 and 2070. Finally, the background similarity test comparing the ENMs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was unable to reject the null hypothesis of niche similarity between both species (P > 0.05).ConclusionThese updated maps provided details t...

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“…albopictus , respectively. The presence of these species were recently confirmed via active surveillance of these two vectors in the same regions anticipated by our models [41–44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus under changing climate

et al. 2018

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“…On the Arabian Peninsula, DENV has been endemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2004 (Alghazali et al, 2019), and is very likely to be considered endemic in Yemen where vector control has diminished over the last 4 years due to the war (Humphrey et al, 2019).A study of the seroprevalence of dengue virus in Qatar found that 7/200 (3.5%) of Qatari nationals were seropositive, but is not known if these had a travel history to a DENV-endemic area (Chinikar et al, 2013). DENV is also endemic in Iran as demonstrated by a retrospective serosurvey study in 2012 (Abozeid et al, 2018). A. aegypti is present in Egypt, where autochthonous DENV cases have been confirmed recently (Dickens et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the 2018–2019 dengue fever outbreak in Oman: A country previously without local transmission

Al-Abri

Kurup

Manji

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: In December 2018, routine surveillance identified an autochthonous outbreak of dengue fever in Muscat Governorate, Oman, a region previously free of dengue fever. Methods: Routine surveillance confirmed locally acquired cases in the second week of December, leading to a rapid public health response including case management guidance and epidemiological investigations. The main activity was the vector survey using systematic sampling to assess extent of previously unreported Aedes aegypti presence followed by a campaign aimed to eliminate breeding sites of A. aegypti". Results: During a 5-month period, 343 suspected cases were reported from Muscat Governorate with 122 from the outbreak affected area. Out of 207 probable cases eligible for laboratory testing as per guidelines issued, 59 cases were confirmed. The vector elimination campaign started on January 8, 2019 after a media advocacy using television and social media and concluded on January 23. By the end of campaign, the case load had decreased significantly in the affected area with no reports of locally acquired cases from adjoining areas of Muscat Governorate, indicating no further spread. Conclusions: Rapid notification and early community-wide, extensive vector control activities effectively contained the autochthonous dengue fever virus outbreak.

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“…Anti-CHIKV antibodies have also been reported from Egypt in the 1970s and 80s, and the country has experienced recent DENV outbreaks and is known to harbor Ae . aegypti [2, 72]. However, to our knowledge, no CHIKV outbreaks have yet been reported in Egypt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue and chikungunya seroprevalence among Qatari nationals and immigrants residing in Qatar

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study is to characterize the seroprevalence of anti-dengue (DENV) and anti-chikungunya (CHIKV) antibodies among blood donors residing in Qatar who are Middle East and North Africa (MENA) nationals and non-nationals. Sera were collected from adult blood donors in Qatar from 2013 to 2016 and tested for anti-DENV and anti-CHIKV IgG using commercial microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Age-specific seroprevalence was summarized by region/nationality: Asia (India, Philippines), Middle East (Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Syria, Yemen), North Africa (Egypt, Sudan), Qatar. The adjusted odds of anti-DENV and anti-CHIKV IgG seropositivity was estimated by logistic regression. Among 1,992 serum samples tested, Asian nationals had higher adjusted odds of being seropositive for anti-DENV antibodies compared to nationals of the Middle East (aOR 0.05, 95% CI 0.04–0.07), North Africa (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.10–0.20), and Qatar (aOR 0.01, 95% CI 0.01–0.03). Asian nationals also had higher adjusted odds of being seropositive for anti-CHIKV antibodies compared to those from the Middle East (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.07–0.27), North Africa (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.96), and Qatar (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.96). The adjusted odds of being anti-DENV seropositive was higher among anti-CHIKV seropositive adults, and vice versa (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.09–3.44), suggesting co-circulation of these viruses. DENV and CHIKV exposure is lower in Qatar and MENA nationals compared to Asian nationals suggesting a lower burden of DENV and CHIKV disease in the MENA. Antibodies to both viruses were detected in nationals from most MENA countries, supporting the need to better understand the regional epidemiology of these viruses.

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Re-emergence of Aedes aegypti in Egypt

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus under changing climate

Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus under changing climate

Control of the 2018–2019 dengue fever outbreak in Oman: A country previously without local transmission

Dengue and chikungunya seroprevalence among Qatari nationals and immigrants residing in Qatar

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