Re-Condensation and Liquefaction of Helium and Hydrogen Using Coolers

Green, M. A.; Weisend, J. G.

doi:10.1063/1.3422421

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From the results of the latest spectrometer solenoid test [35] and the cooler-lead tests, we can improve the operating performance of the coupling magnet [36]. Knowing how the copper and HTS leads behave while the system was connected to a PT415 cooler greatly enhances our understanding of how the coolers and the magnets behave as a system [18], [21], [35]. The cooler and lead test satisfied the following requirements:…”

Section: Some Concluding Comments "What Was Learned From These Tests?"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After further pre-cooling by the cooler first stage, the pulse tube and regenerator tube between the first and second stages can be used for more gas precooling. Arrangement A is well suited for the pre-cooling of the helium tank and the liquefaction of helium, even without extended heat exchange surfaces on the first stage or the cooler tubes [20], [21]. Using arrangement A, we were able to cool down the experiment and liquefy helium into the tank using the cooler alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Results from the Cooler and Lead Tests

Green¹

2010

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The report presents the results of testing MICE spectrometer magnet current leads on a test apparatus that combines both the copper leads and the high temperature superconducting (HTS) leads with a single Cryomech PT415 cooler and liquid helium tank. The current is carried through the copper leads from 300 K to the top of the HTS leads. The current is then carried through the HTS leads to a feed-through from the vacuum space to the inside of a liquid helium tank. The experiment allows one to measure the performance of both cooler stages along with the performance of the leads. While the leads were powered we measured the voltage drops through the copper leads, through the HTS leads, through spliced to the feed-through, through the feed-through and through the low-temperature superconducting loop that connects one lead to the other.Measurements were made using the leads that were used in spectrometer magnet 1A and spectrometer magnet 2A. These are the same leads that were used for Superbend and Venus magnets at LBNL. The IL/A for these leads was 5.2x10 6 A m -1 . The leads turned out to be too long. The same measurements were made using the leads that were installed in magnet 2B. The magnet 2B leads had an IL/A of 3.3x10 6 A m -1 . This report discusses the cooler performance and the measured electrical performance of the lead circuit that contains the copper leads and the superconducting leads. All of the HTS leads that were installed in magnet 2B were current tested using this apparatus.

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Section: Some Concluding Comments "What Was Learned From These Tests?"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from the Cooler and Lead Tests

Green¹

2010

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“…In addition to the vertical area, the whole bottom of the second stage is also available for condensation. The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory tested four drop-in coolers in a test facility at a magnet vendor's plant [20], [21]. Three cooler drop-in configurations were tested within the facility.…”

Section: Cooling the Mice Magnets With Pulse Tube Coolersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work on the MICE coupling solenoids was started in 2003 at Oxford University. The design that emerged in 2004 was compatible with the MICE lattice [21]. The design that evolved was a single short superconducting magnet.…”

Section: Progress On the Mice Coupling Solenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the superconducting magnets for the MICE cooling channel

Green

Virostek

et al. 2010

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) consists of a target, a beam line, a pion decay channel, the MICE cooling channel. Superconducting magnets are used in the pion decay channel and the MICE cooling channel. This report describes the MICE cooling channel magnets and the progress in the design and fabrication of these magnets. The MICE cooling channel consists of three types of superconducting solenoids; the spectrometer solenoids, the coupling solenoids and the focusing solenoids. The three types of magnets are being fabricated in the United States, China, and the United Kingdom respectively. The spectrometer magnets are used to analyze the muon beam before and after muon cooling. The coupling magnets couple the focusing sections and keep the muon beam contained within the iris of the RF cavities that are used to recover the muon momentum lost during ionization cooling. The focusing magnets focus the muon beam in the center of a liquid hydrogen absorber. The first of the cooling channel magnets will be operational in MICE in the spring of 2010. --DISCLAIMER

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“…Two-stage coolers may also be used for cooling at higher temperatures (say up to 28 K) to cool MgB 2 magnets [8]. These coolers can also be used for the hydrogen liquefaction and hydrogen re-condensation after liquefaction [9], [10]. For these reasons, it is important to understand how these coolers behave as a function of 1 st and 2 nd stage temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second stage cooling from a Cryomech PT415 cooler at second stage temperatures up to 300 K with cooling on the first-stage from 0 to 250 W

Green

Chouhan

Wang

et al. 2015

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. The amount of cooling delivered to the second stage of a two stage cooler is dependent on the second stage temperature and the amount of refrigeration provided by the cooler first stage. The second stage cooling as a function of temperature for a Cryomech PT-415 cooler (1.5 W at 4.2 K with 42 W on the first stage) has been estimated by scaling similar data that was measured for a Cryomech PT-410 cooler (1.0 W at 4.2 K with 28 to 30 W on the first stage). In order to accurately calculate the cool-down time for a superconducting magnet using PT-415 K coolers one must know how much cooling can be delivered by the cooler second-stage as a function of the second-stage temperature and the added cooling delivered to the cooler first-stage. There are applications where PT415 coolers are used in the temperature range from 15 to 25 K to liquefy hydrogen or cool magnets fabricated from MgB 2 . This report describes the method for estimating the cooler performance for a PT415 cooler as well as the results of the measurements on several PT415 coolers. IntroductionThe Cryomech PT410 and PT415 pulse tube coolers are used for cooling superconducting magnets and other applications [1]. These coolers are also the central element in the small helium liquefiers produced by the company for universities and other institutions that require liquid helium for research and product development [2]. Most of the uses for these coolers involve the re-condensation of liquid helium using a thermal-siphon cooling-loop or in a liquid helium tank [3], [4]. When a cooler is used for helium re-condensation, the cooler second stage performance 4.2 K is often all that is needed. When something goes wrong with a magnet cryostat or magnet cooling system, more knowledge about the cooler performance is needed to determine what went wrong [5], [6]. Using a cooler to cooldown a cryostat requires knowledge of the cooler performance over a wide temperature range [7].Cooler operating data over a range of temperatures on both stages is critical for understanding how a device is cooled-down using these coolers. Two-stage coolers may also be used for cooling at higher temperatures (say up to 28 K) to cool MgB 2 magnets [8]. These coolers can also be used for the hydrogen liquefaction and hydrogen re-condensation after liquefaction [9], [10]. For these reasons, it is important to understand how these coolers behave as a function of 1 st and 2 nd stage temperatures.

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Re-Condensation and Liquefaction of Helium and Hydrogen Using Coolers

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Results from the Cooler and Lead Tests

Results from the Cooler and Lead Tests

Progress on the superconducting magnets for the MICE cooling channel

Second stage cooling from a Cryomech PT415 cooler at second stage temperatures up to 300 K with cooling on the first-stage from 0 to 250 W

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