(Re)centering street harassment – an appraisal of safe cities global initiative in Delhi, India

Adur, Shweta Majumdar; Jha, Sunil Kumar

doi:10.1080/09589236.2016.1264296

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although harassment and crime (often perpetrated by strangers) are different from violence committed by an intimate partner, both forms of abuse lead to increased levels of psychosocial stress, which is a known risk factor for PTB and LBW [ 33 , 35 ]. More research is needed to better understand the impact of harassment on maternal stress and adverse birth outcomes, especially in areas where harassment towards women is common and often considered socially acceptable [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of social capital, harassment of women and girls, and water and sanitation access on premature birth and low infant birth weight in India

et al. 2018

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BackgroundGlobally, preterm birth (PTB) and low infant birth weight (LBW) are leading causes of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Inadequate water and sanitation access (WASH) are risk factors for PTB and LBW in low-income countries. Physical stress from carrying water and psychosocial stress from addressing sanitation needs in the open may be mechanisms underlying these associations. If so, then living in a community with strong social capital should be able to buffer the adverse effects of WASH on birth outcomes. The objective of this study is to assess the relationships between WASH access and social conditions (including harassment and social capital) on PTB and LBW outcomes among Indian women, and to test whether social conditions modified the association between WASH and birth outcomes.Methods and findingsThis cohort study examined the effect of pre-birth WASH and social conditions on self-reported PTB status and LBW status for 7,926 women who gave birth between 2004/2005 and 2011/2012 Waves of the India Human Development Survey. PTB and LBW occurred in 14.9% and 15.5% of women, respectively. After adjusting for maternal biological and socioeconomic conditions, PTB was associated with sharing a building/compound latrine (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.01, 2.38) versus private latrine access, but suggested an effect in the opposite direction for sharing a community/public latrine (OR = 0.67; CI = 0.45, 1.01). Open defecation, type of drinking water source, minutes per day spent fetching water, and one-way time to a drinking water source were not associated with PTB. LBW was associated with spending more than two hours per day fetching water compared to less than two hours (OR = 1.33; CI = 1.05, 1.70) and suggested an association with open defecation (OR = 1.22; CI = 1.00, 1.48), but was not associated with other types of sanitation, type of drinking water source, or time to a drinking water source. Harassment of women and girls in the community was associated with both PTB (OR = 1.33; CI = 1.09, 1.62) and LBW (OR = 1.26; CI = 1.03, 1.54). The data also showed a possible association of local crime with LBW (OR = 1.30; CI = 1.00, 1.68). Statistically significant (p<0.05) evidence of effect modification was only found for collective efficacy on the association between type of sanitation access and PTB. In addition, stratified analyses identified differences in effect size for walking time to the primary drinking water source and PTB by crime, sanitation access and PTB by harassment, and total hours per day fetching water and LBW by collective efficacy. Limitations of this observational study include risk of bias, inability to confirm causality, reliance on self-reported outcomes, and limited sub-group sample sizes for testing effect modification.ConclusionsThe relationship between adverse birth outcomes and sanitation access, domestic water fetching, crime, and gender-based harassment suggests physical and psychosocial stress are possible mechanisms by which WASH access affec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of social capital, harassment of women and girls, and water and sanitation access on premature birth and low infant birth weight in India

et al. 2018

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“…9 The gendered city becomes a contact zone, because poor women's persistent presence in cities defy the dominant cultural hegemonies in urban policies, laws and their implementation that tend to exclude women from the public sphere of participation and visibility the city. 10 As Butcher 11 argues in the case of Delhi, these 'have created a city of threat and discomfort that problematises women's access, be it for livelihood or leisure, enclosing women within coordinates not of their making'. These limitations are further pronounced for poor women, whose entry into these spaces are mediated through intense power differentials across social and material spaces of the home, family, neighbourhood and community.…”

Section: #Aanajaana As Authorship In Contact Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curating #AanaJaana [#ComingGoing]: gendered authorship in the ‘contact zone’ of Delhi’s digital and urban margins

Datta

Thomas

2021

cultural geographies

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This paper examines the curation of a month-long public exhibition titled #AanaJaana [#ComingGoing] in one of New Delhi’s busiest metro stations, as a form of self-authorship by young women from its digital and urban margins. #AanaJaana [#ComingGoing] is a metaphor for journeys, communications, connections, associations, interceptions, social networks and individual/collective behaviours, that is curated as women ‘see’ and ‘speak’ with/through their mobile phones. Using Marie Louise Pratt’s notion of ‘contact zone’, we examine #AanaJaana as a space of encounters that emerges by visually ‘composing-with’ as well as ‘learning-with’ the realities and constraints of space, technology and power. Based on self-authorship over a period of 6 months within a ‘safe space’ of a WhatsApp group of young women living in the urban margins, we draw attention to #AanaJaana as a set of crosscutting networks of power dynamics over women’s bodies across the home, mobile phone and the city. #AanaJaana refers to how young women in the margins negotiate the ‘freedoms’ of moving (aana) in online space with the ‘dangers’ of going out (jaana) into the city, or the restrictions of entering (aana) online space with the freedom of leaving (jaana) home. We argue first, that #AanaJaana is a space of confinement because of the infrastructural paralysis in the peripheries. Second that it is also at the same time translocally produced by referencing several textual, digital and material spaces of self-realisation. Finally, we argue that #AanaJaana is a space of intertextuality through encounters between emojis, shorthand, voice notes on the mobile phone, with parody and dark humour of their gendered experiences that can transform shame, humiliation and fear into reflection, resistance and agency. The paper concludes that as a polycentric practice, #AanaJaana offers an appropriate metaphor to expand the ‘contact zone’ in order to decolonise gendered knowledge and power across digital-analogue margins.

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“…Tiene que quedar claro que el acoso sexual en lugares públicos es una forma de discriminación sexual; este tipo de violencia incluye comportamientos verbales y no verbales, silbidos, guiños, abucheos y comentarios callejeros. Además el acoso sexual incluye actos como recibir comentarios sexuales no deseados e invitaciones sexuales no deseadas, chistes sexuales, silbidos, gestos obscenos, tocamientos, palpar senos o glúteos (Mellgren, Andersson e Ivert, 2017;Adur y Jha, 2018;Lahsaeizadeh y Yousefinejad, 2012;Farmer y Smock, 2017).…”

Section: La Violencia De Género En Espacios Públicosunclassified

La percepción de los universitarios sobre el acoso sexual en los espacios públicos

Herrera

2021

IE REDIECH

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La violencia contra las mujeres en los espacios públicos tiene consecuencias graves en su movilidad, lo anterior las segrega, las limita y las excluye, ya que el miedo y la falta de seguridad puede afectar su empoderamiento y progreso personal, académico y profesional. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del artículo es estudiar las percepciones de mujeres y hombres universitarios sobre los elementos que integran las dimensiones que conforman el acoso sexual en espacios públicos, las estrategias de intervención contra la violencia sexual, y las acciones orientadas a la seguridad. Es un estudio transversal; la obtención de datos se realiza por medio de un cuestionario, se empleó el análisis factorial y modelos lineales generalizados para determinar los efectos principales sobre los grupos de las variables sociodemográficas y los factores encontrados. Participaron 3,226 estudiantes de tres instituciones de educación superior. Se concluye que con respecto a la dimensión de las manifestaciones de acoso sexual en espacios públicos las mujeres son las que reciben mayores manifestaciones de violencia que los hombres; las universitarias que corren mayores riesgos son aquellas que no tienen quién las acompañe a tomar un transporte seguro y las que cuentan con un empleo; las conductas de acoso sexual que con frecuencia reciben van desde los silbidos hasta los ataques sexuales. En cambio, los hombres pueden transitar con mayor libertad. Por último, con respecto a factores que integran las estrategias de intervención y las acciones orientadas a la seguridad es imprescindible que las universidades trabajen en conjunto con el gobierno para implementar intervenciones que permitan mitigar el fenómeno; lo anterior requiere de una participación de los jóvenes universitarios.

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(Re)centering street harassment – an appraisal of safe cities global initiative in Delhi, India

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Impact of social capital, harassment of women and girls, and water and sanitation access on premature birth and low infant birth weight in India

Impact of social capital, harassment of women and girls, and water and sanitation access on premature birth and low infant birth weight in India

Curating #AanaJaana [#ComingGoing]: gendered authorship in the ‘contact zone’ of Delhi’s digital and urban margins

La percepción de los universitarios sobre el acoso sexual en los espacios públicos

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