Re: Abegg et al.: Microcystic macular edema: retrograde maculopathy caused by optic neuropathy (Ophthalmology 2014;121:142-9)

Mahroo, Omar A.; Shalchi, Zaid; Kisimbi, John Stanslaus; Sanyiwa, Anna; Mohamed, Moin; Plant, Gordon T.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.01.035

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…78 It has therefore been suggested that the retinal appearance should be more accurately described as cystoid, rather than cystic, 78 and increasing knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology and disease associations has led to the proposal that the description "retrograde maculopathy" may be more appropriate. 79,80 Throughout this review, however, the nomenclature of MME will be maintained for familiarity.…”

Section: Oct-defined Phenotypes Of Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2016

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Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently become a vital tool for clinicians and researchers in ophthalmology and, increasingly, in neurology. Optical coherence tomography is quickly and easily performed, well-tolerated by patients, and allows high-resolution viewing of unmyelinated axons and other retinal structures in vivo. These factors have led OCT to find favor as a method of quantifying neuroaxonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS), and the increasing acceptance of the anterior visual pathway as a model to investigate MS in humans.In this short review, the authors discuss OCT findings in MS research, and the relationships of these structural findings with established functional outcome measures such as visual acuity and electrophysiological examinations. The utility of OCT in patients with acute optic neuritis is emphasized. Optical coherence tomography is a particularly powerful tool when the individual retinal layers are visualized and quantified following the segmentation of scans; this technique shows promise as a method for defining novel MS phenotypes.

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Section: Oct-defined Phenotypes Of Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2016

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“…11 Nerve fiber damage and the subsequent retrograde loss of ganglion cells is thought to cause a dysfunction of Muller cells, which impairs retinal water clearance and results in edema. [12][13][14][15] Muller cell gliosis is indeed a common finding in animal models of optic neuropathy 16,17 and in humans. 18 MME has been found in all types of optic neuropathy including glaucoma, 19 with a reported prevalence of 4% in the latter and 9% in nonglaucoma optic neuropathies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retrograde Maculopathy in Patients With Glaucoma

Brazerol

Iliev

Höhn

et al. 2017

Journal of Glaucoma

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Purpose: Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis can be used for quantitative measures of optic nerve atrophy at a location far from the optic nerve head. This recently led to the finding of microcystic macular edema (MME), that is vacuolar inclusions in the macular inner nuclear layer, in some glaucoma patients. The involvement of individual retinal layers is yet unclear in glaucoma. In this study we systematically investigated glaucoma-induced changes in macular layers to evaluate whether glaucoma-associated damage extends beyond the macular ganglion cell layer. Patients and Methods:We included 218 consecutive patients and 282 eyes with confirmed primary open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and macular OCT in a cross-sectional observational study. Eyes were screened for presence of MME. Thickness of individual retinal layers was determined using a semiautomatic segmentation algorithm. Peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and mean defect in visual field testing were extracted from OCT and medical records, respectively. Results were compared with a small group of eyes with no apparent glaucoma.Results: We found MME in 5 eyes from 5 primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 3 eyes of 3 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients (2.8%). MME was confined to the inner nuclear layer in a perifoveal ring and was associated with thinning of the ganglion cell layer and thickening of the macular inner nuclear layer. Glaucoma eyes without MME showed a significant inverse correlation of inner nuclear layer thickness with glaucoma severity.Conclusions: Glaucomatous damage leads to a gradual thickening of the inner nuclear layer, which leads to MME in more severe glaucoma cases. These changes, along with nerve fiber loss and ganglion cell loss, may be summarized as glaucoma-associated retrograde maculopathy.

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“…The pathogenesis is obviously related to neuronal cell loss, but the fine structure of the retina in ADOA, including the involvement of glial cells, the role of retrograde transsynaptic degeneration, etc. are unknown (6,8). There is no evidence of vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography (9) and it has been proposed that the formation of lacunae could be the result of Müller cell dysfunction (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…are unknown (6,8). There is no evidence of vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography (9) and it has been proposed that the formation of lacunae could be the result of Müller cell dysfunction (8). The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the morphological appearance of macular microcystoid lacunae in ADOA and the relation to visual function and retinal atrophy using adaptive optics fundus photography and OCT.…”

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confidence: 99%