RCAS1 Decidual Immunoreactivity during Cesarean Section in Scar Deciduosis: Immune Cell Presence and Activity

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Changes in the Subpopulation of CD25⁺ CD4⁺ and FOXP3⁺ Regulatory T Cells in Decidua with Respect to the Progression of Labor at Term and the Lack of Analogical Changes in the Subpopulation of Suppressive B7‐H4⁺ Macrophages – A Preliminary Report

Gałązka

Wicherek

Pityński

et al. 2009

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“…RCAS1 is therefore responsible for the tumor escape from host immunologic surveillance and the creation of immune tolerance for tumor cells 31–42 . RCAS1 expression has been found in various malignant neoplasms and is related to the grade of the tumor, the stage of the disease, and the presence of lymph node metastases, as well as to a poorer prognosis 38 .…”

Section: Rcas1 In Tumor Microenvironment Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW ARTICLE: RCAS1, MT, and Vimentin as Potential Markers of Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling

Dutsch-Wicherek

2010

A tumor stimulates the remodeling of its microenvironment for its own survival. To protect its own growth and induce angiogenesis, the tumor changes the structure of extracellular matrix and the function of existing cells; it thus chemo-attracts immune system cells altering their function. In our study, we discuss the potential markers of tumor microenvironment remodeling. For instance, RCAS1 is a protein responsible for tumor escape from host immunologic surveillance that additionally seems to be involved in the remodeling of the microenvironment. Another protein, metallothionein, which is both anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative, is also responsible for modulating the response of immune system cells. Most likely, the expression of this protein by the fibroblasts of tumor microenvironment is related to the remodeled phenotype of these cells because of the tumor influence on cancer-associated fibroblasts. Lastly, vimentin is a protein that would appear to be the marker for the mesenchymal transition of cells from the epithelial phenotype. These cells seem to acquire the mesenchymal phenotype to migrate so that they can facilitate the development of metastases. Interestingly, the expression of vimentin has also been observed in the tumor microenvironment as well and may serve as a marker of a remodeled stroma in the process of facilitating tumor spread.

“…The infiltration of immune cells into the endometrium begins before ovulation and is limited to the early secretory cycle phase, 5 when the ovum passes through the Fallopian tube whether or not fertilization occurs. Cytotoxic immune cells that have accumulated in the endometrium are under the control of immune regulatory cells such as Treg and decidual cells 4,15,30–34 . Most likely, when the ovum begins to implant in the Fallopian tube and the immune cell infiltration into the tubal wall increases, the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + positive lymphocytes in eutopic endometrium does not undergo sufficient alteration when compared with the degree of increase in Treg cell infiltration into the decidua that takes place during normal intrauterine pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Characterization of the Subpopulation of Suppressive B7H4⁺ Macrophages and the Subpopulation of CD25⁺ CD4⁺ and FOXP3⁺ Regulatory T‐cells in Decidua during the Secretory Cycle Phase, Arias Stella Reaction, and Spontaneous Abortion – A Preliminary Report

Wicherek

Basta

Pityński

et al. 2009

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