RBP‐to‐retinol ratio, but not total RBP, is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes

Erikstrup, Christian; Mortensen, Ole Hartvig; Nielsen, Annemette; Fischer, Christian P.; Plomgaard, Peter; Petersen, Anders Højgård; Krogh-Madsen, Rikke; Lindegaard, Birgitte; Erhardt, Juergen; Ullum, Henrik; Benn, C S; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund

doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00901.x

Cited by 86 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…BCMO1 is known to accelerate conversion of b-carotene to retinol during insulin resistance states, which to some extent explains the observed high levels of plasma retinol in these rats (25). However, in some studies, plasma RBP4 levels were reported to be in excess of retinol, and elevated RBP4/retinol ratio is found to be a better predictor of insulin resistance rather than RBP4 levels alone (11,26). As binding of retinol is an absolute necessity for RBP4 secretion from tissues (3), it is possible that increased tissue uptake of RBP4-retinol complex might lead to transient elevation of plasma apo-RBP4 levels.…”

Section: Plasma Rbp4 Ttr and Retinol Levels In Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contrasting effects of type 2 and type 1 diabetes on plasma RBP4 levels: The significance of transthyretin

et al. 2012

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SummaryRetinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein. Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR. Recent studies indicate elevated plasma levels of RBP4 in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast, reduced RBP4 levels were observed in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D. The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR. It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration. However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4. Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions. 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(12): 975-982, 2012

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Section: Plasma Rbp4 Ttr and Retinol Levels In Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contrasting effects of type 2 and type 1 diabetes on plasma RBP4 levels: The significance of transthyretin

et al. 2012

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“…Methodological differences in collection of the samples and determination of RBP4 levels must be considered (32). Confounding effects of retinol status, iron status, and kidney function also seem to be of importance and should be addressed in the design of future studies (22,26,78). Additional studies on human adipocytes are needed to unravel the regulation of RBP4 expression and secretion and its auto-and para-crine effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It transports retinol from the liver to the peripheral tissues (21). Plasma RBP4 levels positively correlate with retinol levels (22). Therefore, subject's retinol status can influence circulating RBP4 levels.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Rbp4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an ongoing debate on the possible influence of transthyretin on circulating RBP4 levels via RBP4's decreased renal clearance (24,25). It is also proposed that imbalance between RBP4 and retinol might be the underlying cause for the observed association between RBP4 levels and systemic insulin resistance (22).…”

Section: Rbp4 In Childhood/adolescent Obesity and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, subject's retinol status can influence circulating RBP4 levels. In clinical studies, RBP4-to-retinol ratio is used to correct for retinol status of the investigated subject (22).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Rbp4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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RBP4: a controversial adipokine

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Fischer‐Posovszky

Wabitsch

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European Journal of Endocrinology

210

165

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Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ secreting biologically active factors called adipokines that act on both local and distant tissues. Adipokines have an important role in the development of obesity-related comorbidities not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a recently identified adipokine suggested to link obesity with its comorbidities, especially insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and certain components of the metabolic syndrome. However, data, especially resulting from the clinical studies, are conflicting. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge on RBP4's role in obesity, development of insulin resistance, and T2D. Special attention is given to studies on children and adolescents. We also discuss the role of possible confounding factors that should be taken into account when critically evaluating published studies or planning new studies on this exciting adipokine.

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Vitamin A Metabolism, Storage and Tissue Delivery Mechanisms

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The Retinoids

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RBP‐to‐retinol ratio, but not total RBP, is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes

Cited by 86 publications

References 38 publications

Contrasting effects of type 2 and type 1 diabetes on plasma RBP4 levels: The significance of transthyretin

Contrasting effects of type 2 and type 1 diabetes on plasma RBP4 levels: The significance of transthyretin

RBP4: a controversial adipokine

Vitamin A Metabolism, Storage and Tissue Delivery Mechanisms

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